宁夏盐碱地治理的排水工程措施综述  

Review of drainage engineering practice for saline-alkali soils in Ningxia

作　　者：刘洋[1] 徐静[1] 管孝艳[1,2] 陶园[1,2] LIU Yang;XU Jing;GUAN Xiaoyan;TAO yuan(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;National Engineering Technology Research Center for Water-saving Irrigation,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [2]国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京100048

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第3期52-63,共12页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600);北京市科协青年人才托举工程项目(BYESS2023198)。

摘　　要：【目的】梳理宁夏盐碱地治理排水措施中明沟、暗管和竖井等排水方法独立、联合运用的工程现状,提出典型地区盐碱地治理排水措施建议,为宁夏盐碱地治理提供参考。【方法】以石嘴山市惠农区和平罗县、银川市贺兰县和兴庆区及吴忠市红寺堡区为典型研究区域,基于对现有研究文献和排水工程资料的搜集和整理,梳理各区适用的排水工程并提出分区治理建议,采用VOSviewer对宁夏盐碱地排水方式的研究重点进行分析和总结。【结果】①总体上,宁夏盐碱治理农田排水体系主要是以明沟排水为主,并辅以暗管排水、泵站、竖井等方式。以现有农田排水体系为基础,需进一步加强排水工程维护,确保排水通畅。②石嘴山市惠农区和平罗县部分排水条件差的低洼地区和湖泊湿地附近地区,可使用暗管排水和泵站强排等排水措施,在含黏质土层地区可采用打破障碍土层措施配合暗管排水工程措施。③对于银川市贺兰县和兴庆区,耕地型盐碱地需实施沟道清淤与保护工作并因地制宜地联合运用机井和暗管等排水工程,障碍型盐碱地宜采用暗管排水工程及配套消障措施,沙化型盐碱地应尽量减少排水工程,瘠薄型盐碱地不建议耕作。④对于吴忠市红寺堡区,表聚型盐化土壤应采用明沟排水进行排水洗盐,底盐型盐化土壤宜采用暗管或竖井排水工程进行盐分淋洗,通体型盐化土壤则建议暂不耕作。【结论】排水工程措施在有效治理盐碱地方面发挥了重要作用,不同地区应灵活选用合适的排水策略,同时应深入研究工程措施与生物、化学、物理措施相结合的高效治理盐碱的联合措施。【Background and Objective】Soil salinity is a common challenge for crop production in Northwestern China,and various engineering and agronomic methods have been developed to alleviate or reclaim saline-alkali soils.This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of drainage engineering methods,including open ditches,buried drains,and boreholes,for treating saline-alkali soils in Ningxia Province.It proposes the most effective drainage methods for saline-alkali soils in different regions,aiming to provide protocols for improving soil management in the province.【Method】This review focuses on work conducted in regions such as Huinong District and Pingluo County in Shizuishan City,Helan County and Xingqing District in Yinchuan City,and Hongsipu District in Wuzhong City.Literature and engineering data were collected from various sources to analyze and identify the appropriate drainage methods for each region.The VOSviewer was used to analyze and summarize key research topics related to drainage engineering methods for reclaiming saline-alkali soils in the province.【Result】①The primary drainage systems for saline-alkali soils in the province include open ditches,supplemented by buried drains and pumping boreholes.Maintenance of these systems should be strengthened to improve their effectiveness and operational efficiency.②In Huinong District and Pingluo County,located in low-lying areas near lakes and wetlands,the soil has low permeability,and buried drains and pumping boreholes are the most appropriate methods to maintain the groundwater table below a critical depth.In areas with clayey soils,combining these methods with soil barrier removal would enhance efficiency.③In Helan County and Xingqing District(Yinchuan City),the cultivated saline-alkali soils require drainage ditch maintenance and protection.A combination of boreholes and buried drains should be considered based on local conditions.④In Hongsipu District(Wuzhong City),topsoil salinity can be reduced by leaching using ditch drainage,whi

关 键 词：宁夏 盐碱地 明沟排水 暗管排水 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]