秸秆还田方式对红壤理化性质及养分淋失的影响  

Effects of various straw incorporation methods on the physicochemical propertiesand nutrient leaching of red soil

作　　者：陈玉妮 盛丰 CHEN Yuni;SHENG Feng(School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Water Environment Treatment and Ecological Restoration,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences,Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,长沙410114 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114 [3]水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第3期70-76,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51579020);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30602)。

摘　　要：【目的】为改善红壤土结构性质和水肥保持能力,保障和提高区域农业生产。【方法】采用室内土柱淋溶试验,以不进行秸秆还田的空白试验为对照,研究碎秸秆、秸秆粉末和秸秆灰3种秸秆还田方式对南方红壤理化性质及养分淋失的影响。【结果】碎秸秆、秸秆粉末和秸秆灰3种不同秸秆还田方式均能有效降低土壤体积质量、增大土壤总孔隙率和毛管孔隙率、提升土壤有机质和绝大部分土壤养分量、降低土壤养分的淋失风险。其中,碎秸秆还田土壤毛管孔隙率最高,NO_(3)^(-)-N淋失总量最小,NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN淋失总量最大;秸秆粉末还田处理土壤氨态氮量和速效钾量最高,TN和TP淋失总量最小,对土壤团聚体稳定性提升明显;秸秆灰还田处理土壤体积质量最小,土壤总孔隙率最大,土壤有机质量和速效磷量最高,NO_(3)^(-)-N和TP的淋失总量最大,NH_(4)^(+)-N的淋失总量最小,但秸秆灰的产生过程会破坏土壤结构和生态环境。【结论】综合而言,秸秆粉末还田对红壤结构性质的综合改良效果最佳,可作为秸秆还田改良红壤的推荐还田方式。【Objective】Red soil in Southern China is typically deficient in structure and nutrients.Amending it with straw has been proposed as a method to improve its structure and fertility.This study experimentally examines the effects of different straw incorporation methods on the physicochemical properties of red soil,as well as nutrient leaching.【Method】The experiment was conducted using columns,where soils were repacked into columns and amended with crushed straw,straw powder,or straw ash.The control was soil without amendment.The columns were then subjected to leaching.At the end of the experiment,the physicochemical properties of the soil in each column were measured.【Result】Regardless of the type of straw,amending the soil with it reduced bulk density,increased total porosity and capillary porosity,enhanced soil organic matter,and increased most nutrients,while reducing nutrient leaching.Amending soil with crushed straw was most effective in increasing capillary porosity and reducing nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)-N)leaching,as well as minimizing the losses of ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and total nitrogen(N).In contrast,amending the soil with straw powder was most effective in increasing soil ammonia nitrogen and available potassium content,while reducing the losses of total nitrogen and total phosphorus,and improving the stability of soil aggregates.Amending the soil with straw ash was most effective in increasing total soil porosity,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,and reducing total losses of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)-N),total phosphorus(P),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)-N).However,producing straw ash is environmentally unfriendly.【Conclusion】Among the three types of straw,amending soil with straw powder was the most effective in improving soil structure and the physicochemical properties of red soil.This method can be used as an improved agronomic technology to enhance the productivity of red soils.

关 键 词：红壤 秸秆还田 团聚体稳定性 养分淋溶 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]