黄河与汾河交汇区水动力特性及河床形态  

Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Riverbed Morphology in the Confluence Area of the Yellow River and the Fen River

作　　者：张涛[1,2,3] Zhang Tao(Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Power China,Xi'an 710065,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;Shaanxi Province"the Belt and Road Initiative"Joint Laboratory of Ecological Hydraulic Engineering Technology,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065 [2]西安理工大学旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室,西安710048 [3]陕西省生态水利技术“一带一路”联合实验室,西安710065

出　　处：《西北水电》2025年第1期22-27,共6页Northwest Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42307108);陕西省博士后科研项目(2023BSHGZZHQYXMZZ48);陕西省然科学基金(2024JC-YBQN-0303)。

摘　　要：作为典型的多沙河流交汇区,黄河与汾河交汇区是黄河中下游水动力和泥沙输移的重要控制节点。为了进一步认识该处大宽深比、高含沙、复杂河床地形条件下的水沙动力特性与河床形态,利用走航式声学多普勒剖面测速技术(ADCP)对该交汇区9个断面的三维流速、水深、悬沙粒径及河床地形进行了实测研究。结果表明:黄河与汾河交汇区水面存在横向超高,纵向比降分布不均;流场基本符合现有的水动力分区概念模型,流速分布在0.170~1.194 m/s;交汇段主槽水流宽浅,宽深比为78~155,紧邻交汇口下游存在狭长的冲刷带,最大水深6.16 m;交汇区悬移质泥沙空间分布受流速与涡流紊动的影响,中值粒径范围在17.19~140μm,泥沙粒径近似正态分布,交汇口混合区的泥沙主要由上游转输和表层沉积物再悬浮组成。研究结果可为大型河流交汇区水沙运动与河床演变研究及防洪工程建设等提供参考。The confluence area of the Yellow River and the Fen River is a typical confluence area of sediment-laden rivers,and it is also one of the important control nodes for the hydrodynamic force and sediment transport in the middle and lower reaches.In order to further understand the hydrodynamic characteristics of water and sediment and the riverbed morphology under the conditions of a large width-depth ratio,high sediment concentration and complex riverbed topography in this area,the three-dimensional flow velocity,water depth,suspended sediment particle size and riverbed topography of 9 sections in the confluence area were measured and studied by using the moving vessel acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP)technology.The results show that the water surface in the intersection of the Yellow River and the Fenhe River has a transverse ultra-high and uneven distribution of longitudinal drop;there is a transverse super-elevation on the water surface in the confluence area,and the longitudinal slope has an uneven distribution;the flow field basically conforms to the existing conceptual model of hydrodynamic zoning,and the flow velocity ranges from 0.170 to 1.194 m/s;the main channel flow in the confluence section is wide and shallow,with a width-depth ratio of 78 to 155,and there is a long and narrow scouring zone downstream of the confluence mouth,with a maximum water depth of 6.16 m;the spatial distribution of suspended sediment in the confluence area is affected by the flow velocity and eddy turbulence.The median particle size ranges from 17.19 to 140μm,and the sediment particle size is approximately normally distributed.The sediment in the mixing zone at the confluence mouth is mainly composed of the sediment transported from the upstream and the resuspension of surface sediments.The research results can provide a reference for the study of the movement of water and sediment and the evolution of the riverbed in the confluence area of large rivers,as well as the construction of flood control projects.

关 键 词：黄河 河流交汇区 水动力特性 泥沙粒径 

分 类 号：TV143.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV148.3