上游来流与颗粒级配耦合作用对崩滑型堰塞坝溃决模式和洪水特征的影响研究  

Study on the Influence of the Coupling Effect of Upstream Inflow and Grain Size Distribution on the Failure Modeof Landslide-induced Dammed Lake Dams and the Characteristics of Outburst Floods

作　　者：温瑞祥 朱兴华[1,2] 李哲丞 时小飞 董晨阳 Wen Ruixiang;Zhu Xinghua;Li Zhecheng;Shi Xiaofei;Dong Chenyang(School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering,Ministry of Education,Xi'an 710054,China;North Information Control Research Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211153,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054 [2]西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,西安710054 [3]北方信息控制研究院集团有限公司,南京211153

出　　处：《西北水电》2025年第1期58-70,共13页Northwest Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42090053,42377163);陕西省重点研发项目(2023-ZDLSF-61);浙江省安全工程与技术研究重点实验室资助项目(202104)。

摘　　要：为了探究上游来流和颗粒级配的共同作用对堰塞坝溃决模式和溃决洪水特征的影响,通过开展12组不同上游来流和颗粒级配的模型试验,阐明了管涌-渗流平衡、滑移-漫顶-渐进溃决、漫顶-管涌-快速溃决、漫顶这4种溃决模式和过程,并分析了溃坝过程中坝体内部孔隙水压力和含水率变化特征。结果表明:随着上游来流的增加,其在峰值流量中的占比逐渐增加,峰值流量到达时间提前;在上游来流为1.5 L/s时,颗粒级配对溃坝模式影响微弱,均为漫顶破坏,峰值流量与中值粒径呈反比;当上游来流为0.3 L/s时,颗粒级配通过影响坝体渗流特性从而影响坝体失稳机制,进而导致不同的溃坝模式,峰值流量与坝体的渗透程度呈正相关;根据颗粒级配特征可将坝体材料分为粗颗粒控制型结构、均衡型结构、镶嵌型结构、细颗粒控制型结构。In order to explore the combined effects of upstream inflow and particle gradation on the failure modes of landslide dams and the characteristics of the outburst floods caused by the dam failures,12 sets of model tests with different upstream inflows and particle gradations were conducted.Four failure modes and processes,namely piping-seepage equilibrium,sliding-overtopping-progressive failure,overtopping-piping-rapid failure,and overtopping,were expounded,and the variation characteristics of the pore water pressure and water content inside the dam body during the dam failure process were analyzed.The results show that with the increase of the upstream inflow,its proportion in the peak flow gradually increases,and the arrival time of the peak flow is advanced.When the upstream inflow is 1.5 L/s,the influence of the grain size distribution on the dam failure mode is weak,and all are overtopping failures,and the peak flow is inversely proportional to the median particle size.When the upstream inflow is 0.3 L/s,the grain size distribution affects the seepage characteristics of the dam body,thus affecting the instability mechanism of the dam body,and then leading to different dam failure modes.The peak flow is positively correlated with the seepage degree of the dam body.According to the characteristics of the grain size distribution,the dam body materials can be divided into coarse-grained controlled structure,balanced structure,mosaic structure,and fine-grained controlled structure.

关 键 词：堰塞坝 溃决洪水 颗粒级配 上游来流 

分 类 号：TV144[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]