黄芪锈腐病病原鉴定及生物学特性  

Identification and biological characteristics of pathogen associated with Astragalus membranaceus rust rot

作　　者：王燕 郝代男 赵蕊 金子钰 姜昊哲 王春伟 WANG Yan;HAO Dainan;ZHAO Rui;JIN Ziyu;JIANG Haozhe;WANG Chunwei(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西·太谷030801

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第8期28-38,共11页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2024CYJSTX16)。

摘　　要：黄芪锈腐病是2023年在山西省黄芪主产区新发现的一种根部病害,发病率约为10%。为明确黄芪锈腐病的病原种类,采用组织分离法从病害样品中分离病原菌。基于形态学特征及EF1-α、Histone 3和β-tubulin多基因序列分析,鉴定黄芪锈腐病的病原菌为强壮土赤壳(Ilyonectria robusta)。生物学特性研究表明:有利于病原菌菌丝生长和产孢的最适宜温度均为25℃;I.robusta在全黑暗条件下菌丝生长速度最快、产孢量最高;菌丝生长最适pH为7~9、最适产孢p H为4;在9种供试培养基中,OA、PDA和Czapek有利于I.robusta菌丝生长,PDA培养基有利于产孢;I.robusta菌丝生长和产孢最适碳源均为蔗糖,最适氮源分别为尿素和硝酸钠;I.robusta菌丝致死温度为51℃处理10 min。采用菌丝生长速率法测定I.robusta对15种杀菌剂的敏感性,表明I.robusta菌丝对咯菌腈的敏感性最高,有效抑制中浓度(EC50)为0.0314 mg·L^(-1),其次为嘧菌酯和井冈霉素,其EC50值<1 mg·L^(-1),可作为生产中防治黄芪锈腐病的首选药剂。In 2023,Astragalus membranaceus rust rot,a new disease,was observed in the main production area with the incidence of approximately 10%in Shanxi Province.To reveal the pathogen species causing A.membranaceus rust rot,the pathogen was isolated from diseased samples by tissue isolation method.The pathogen was identified as Ilyonectria robusta based on morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS,EF1-α,Histone 3 andβ-tubulin sequence analysis.The results of biological characteristics showed that the suitable temperatures for I.robusta mycelium growth and sporulation were both 25℃.The optimal light conditions for mycelium growth and sporulation were both full darkness.The ideal pH for mycelium growth was ranged from 7 to 9.The optimal pH for sporulation was 4.Among these nine tested media,OA,PDA and Czapek were optimal media for I.robusta mycelium growth,while PDA medium was optimal for spore production.Sucrose was suitable carbon source for mycelium growth and sporulation,while urea and sodium nitrate were suitable nitrogen sources for mycelium growth and sporulation,respectively.The mycelial lethal condition for I.robusta was treated at 51℃for 10 min.The sensitivities of Ilyonectria robusta to 15 fungicides were investigated by using mycelium growth rate method.The results showed that the pathogen was most sensitive to fudioxonil with the EC50 value of 0.0314 mg·L^(-1),followed by azoxystrobin and jinggangmycin with the EC50 values of less than 1 mg·L^(-1).These fungicides could be used as candidate for the control of Astragalus membranaceus rust rot in the field.

关 键 词：黄芪锈腐病 强壮土赤壳 病原鉴定 生物学特性 药剂敏感性 

分 类 号：S435.675[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]