降雨特征及不同水土保持措施对坡面产流、产沙和氮磷流失的影响  

Effects of rainfall characteristics and soil conservation measures on runoff,sediment yield,and nitrogen-phosphorus loss on slopes

作　　者：孙理阳 李华林 张帆 张馨予 章孙逊 刘晔 谢晨新 张守红[1,4,5] SUN Liyang;LI Hualin;ZHANG Fan;ZHANG Xinyu;ZHANG Sunxun;LIU Ye;XIE Chenxin;ZHANG Shouhong(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research in Jixian Shanxi,Linfen Shanxi 042200,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083 [3]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室(中国水利水电科学研究院),北京100048 [4]山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山西·临汾042200 [5]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第8期111-122,共12页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1305101)。

摘　　要：降雨易引发水土流失,增加非点源污染风险,水土保持措施是防治水土流失和非点源污染的基本方法。当前多种水土保持措施条件下,产流产沙与氮磷流失协变规律尚不清晰。应用2023年4—9月北京山区30个径流小区坡面的降雨、产流产沙、氮磷流失监测数据,探究降雨特征对不同水土保持措施(水土保持种草、梯田、水保林、水保林+工程措施)坡面产流产沙及氮磷流失影响机理,揭示坡面产流产沙与氮磷流失的协变规律。结果表明:坡面产流量、产沙量,与降水量、降雨历时均呈极显著相关(P<0.01);氮、磷流失量,与降水量、降雨历时均呈显著相关(P<0.05);Ⅳ雨型(超长历时、超高雨量、中高雨强)坡面产流量、产沙量、氮磷流失量均为最大。水土保持措施可显著削减坡面产流产沙,对产流量、产沙量削减的相对贡献率分别为50.00%、94.90%;水土保持措施对总氮、总磷削减的贡献率分别为78.10%、66.50%。除水土保持林外,其他水土保持措施可有效降低坡面氮磷流失量;坡面氮磷流失量均与产流产沙量呈幂函数关系,随着产流产沙量增加而增大,但增长速度逐渐降低。Rainfall-induced soil erosion exacerbates the risks of non-point source pollution,making soil and water conservation(SWC)measures essential for mitigating both soil erosion and nonpoint source pollution.However,the covariation patterns among runoff,sediment yield,and nitrogen and phosphorus losses under various SWC measures remained unclear.Monitoring data from April to September 2023 across 30 runoff plots in the mountainous regions of Beijing City was used to examine the effects of different SWC measures(e.g.,grass planting,terracing,soil conservation forests,and combined engineering measures)on slope runoff,sediment yield,and nitrogen and phosphorus losses in response to rainfall characteristics.The results showed as the follows runoff and sediment yield were highly significantly correlated with both rainfall amount and duration(P<0.01),while nitrogen and phosphorus losses were significantly correlated with these factors(P<0.05).TheⅣrainfall pattern(characterized by extended duration,high rainfall,and moderate to high intensity)led to the highest runoff,sediment yield,and nitrogen and phosphorus losses.SWC measures significantly reduced slope runoff and sediment yield,with relative contribution rates of 50.00%and 94.90%,respectively.SWC measures,except for soil conservation forests,effectively reduced nitrogen and phosphorus losses,contributing 78.10%and 66.50%to the reduction of total nitrogen and total phosphorus,respectively.The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus losses were power functions of runoff and sediment yield,increasing with these factors,but at a decreasing rate.

关 键 词：降雨特征 水土保持 坡面 氮磷流失 水污染 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]