哈尔滨市降尘中水溶性离子组分特征及来源解析  

Compositional characteristics and source analysis of water-soluble ions in dust fall in Harbin City

作　　者：崔嵩 曲潇雨[1,2] 宋梓菡 贾朝阳 陈鹏宇 张福祥 CUI Song;QU Xiaoyu;SONG Zihan;JIA Zhaoyang;CHEN Pengyu;ZHANG Fuxiang(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]松花江流域生态环境保护研究中心(东北农业大学),哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第8期251-260,289,共11页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：黑龙江省杰出青年基金项目(JQ2023E001);东北农业大学“青年领军人才”支持计划项目(NEAU2023QNLJ-013)。

摘　　要：探究哈尔滨市降尘污染水平及其水溶性离子组分特征,分析2022年11月至2023年10月哈尔滨市降尘中水溶性离子组分及降尘通量时间变化趋势,应用相关性分析、富集因子法、后向轨迹模型等方法识别降尘中水溶性离子潜在来源。结果表明:哈尔滨市降尘通量的时间变化特征由大到小依次为春季、冬季、夏季、秋季;风速和降水量升高可增加降尘通量,湿度升高可降低降尘通量;哈尔滨市降尘中水溶性离子质量分数由大到小依次为Ca^(2+)(30.50 mg·g^(-1))、SO_(4)^(2-)(18.00 mg·g^(-1))、NO_(3)^(-)(17.45 mg·g^(-1))、Cl^(-)(4.72 mg·g^(-1))、K^(+)(2.28 mg·g^(-1))、Na^(+)(1.76 mg·g^(-1))、Mg^(2+)(0.94 mg·g^(-1)),水溶性离子总质量分数时间变化特征由大到小依次为秋季、冬季、夏季、春季;供暖期降尘中水溶性离子主要受固定源污染的影响,在非供暖期受移动源污染的影响较大。来源解析结果表明,K^(+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)来源于地壳尘埃,Na^(+)来源于海洋,SO_(4)^(2-)和NO_(3)^(-)来源于燃煤、工业生产、机动车排放,Cl^(-)来源于燃煤、海洋。哈尔滨市降尘中的水溶性离子主要受北方、西北方、西南方气团影响。The composition and temporal variation of water-soluble ions in Harbin's dust fall from November 2022 to October 2023 were comprehensively analyzed to investigate the extent of pollution and its characteristics.By employing correlation analysis,enrichment factor method and backward trajectory modeling,the potential sources of water-soluble ions in the dust fall were identified.The results showed that the flux of dust fall in Harbin exhibited a seasonal sequence of spring>winter>summer>autumn.Increased wind speed and precipitation were found to enhance the flux of dust fall,while higher humidity reduced it.The mass concentration(mg·g^(-1))order of water-soluble ions in Harbin's dust fall was Ca^(2+)(30.50)>SO_(4)^(2-)(18.00)>NO_(3)^(-)(17.45)>Cl^(-)(4.72)>K^(+)(2.28)>Na^(+)(1.76)>Mg^(2+)(0.94).Furthermore,there was a temporal variation in the total mass concentration of water-soluble ions with autumn having the highest concentration followed by winter,summer,and spring.During the heating season,stationary pollution sources predominantly influenced water-soluble ions in dust fall;whereas during non-heating season,mobile sources had a greater impact on them.Source elucidation indicated that terrestrial dust contributed to K^(+),Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+);marine sources accounted for Na^(+);coal combustion,industrial emissions and vehicular exhaust emitted SO_(4)^(2-)and NO_(3)^(-);both marine influences and coal combustion contributed to Cl^(-).Air masses originating from north,northwest and southwest primarily influenced water-soluble ions dust fall in Harbin.

关 键 词：哈尔滨市 大气降尘 降尘通量 水溶性离子 来源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]