硬刺松潘裸鲤消化系统形态与组织学结构特征及其消化酶活性  

Morphology,histological structure characteristics and digestive enzyme activities of the digestive tract in Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus

作　　者：王欢 路珂 褚志鹏[2] 吴湘香[2] 徐滨[2] 孙铭雪 马宝珊[2] WANG Huan;LU Ke;CHU Zhipeng;WU Xiangxiang;XU Bin;SUN Mingxue;MA Baoshan(Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,成都610051 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2025年第2期33-42,共10页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809280);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2023TD09)。

摘　　要：为了解硬刺松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus)消化道结构特点与其功能及食性的相关性,采用解剖、切片及酶活检测对其消化系统形态、组织结构及消化酶活性进行研究。结果显示,硬刺松潘裸鲤消化系统由口咽腔、食道、肠道、肛门以及肝脏和胰腺等构成。口亚下位,下颌前缘无锐利角质,口裂较大,下咽齿顶端尖而弯曲,鳃耙稀疏,食道和肠道相对较短,肠道指数1.03,前肠粘膜褶皱高且密,增加其作为无胃鱼类的消化功能。除口腔外,在唇部、食道等部位均有味蕾分布。消化道管壁由四层结构构成,内部充满纵向发达紧密的粘膜褶皱,粘膜褶皱上着生大量杯状细胞;肝胰腺不分离,呈红棕色弥散在肠道上。各种消化酶在肝脏及肠道各段活性表现各不相同,肠道中消化酶活性普遍高于肝脏。胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶在肠道各段均有分布,且活性相对较大。脂肪酶、淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶活性由肠道前段向后段逐渐降低,前肠和中肠可能是其消化吸收的主要部位。硬刺松潘裸鲤的消化道结构特点及消化酶活性与其功能及偏肉食的杂食性相适应。The morphology,histological structure characteristics and digestive enzyme activities of the species were analyzed by anatomy,paraffin section and enzyme activity detection techniques to study the relationship between digestive tract structure,function and feeding habits of Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus.The results showed that the digestive system was mainly composed of the oropharyngeal cavity,esophagus,gut,anus,liver and pancreas.The mouth was sub-inferior,with the mandibular front having no sharp cuticle.The oral fissure was large.The top of the hypopharyngeal teeth was sharp and curved,and the gill rake was sparse.The esophagus and gut were relatively short,and the intestinal index was 1.03.The fold of foregut mucosa was high and dense,increasing fish′s digestive function without a stomach.In addition to the mouth,taste buds were distributed in the lips and esophagus.The tube wall of the digestive tract was composed of four layers.The interior was full of vertically developed and tight mucosal folds,and many goblet cells were produced on the mucosal folds.Hepatopancreas were reddish brown in colour,which did not separate,scattering over the gut.The activities of various digestive enzymes were different among the liver and gut segments.Activities of digestive enzymes in the gut were generally higher than those in the liver.Trypsin,chymotrypsin and leucine aminopeptidase were distributed in all gut segments,and their activities were relatively high.Lipase,amylase and alkaline phosphatase activities gradually decreased from the anterior to the posterior segment of the gut.The foregut and midgut might be the main sites of digestion and absorption.The digestive tract structure and digestive enzyme activity of G.potanini firmispinatus were under their function and feeding habits of omnivorous slant carnivores.

关 键 词：硬刺松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus) 消化系统 形态学 组织学 消化酶 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]