我国“三下”采煤技术体系与工程实践  

System and engineering practice of coal mining technology under buildings,water bodies and railways in China

作　　者：郭文兵[1,2] 胡玉杭 胡超群 李龙翔 吴东涛 葛志博 GUO Wenbing;HU Yuhang;HU Chaoqun;LI Longxiang;WU Dongtao;GE Zhibo(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-efficiency Utilization,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000 [2]煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用省部共建协同创新中心,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2025年第1期19-38,共20页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点资助项目(U21A20108,U22A20620)。

摘　　要：我国“三下”(建筑物、水体、铁路等线性构筑物下)煤炭资源丰富,开展“三下”采煤技术研究、解放“三下”压煤对提高煤炭资源采出率、优化井下采掘布局、延长矿井服务年限等具有重要意义。总结了我国“三下”压煤开采技术以及建(构)筑物保护技术,包括部分开采、充填开采、协调开采、覆岩离层注浆技术以及地面保护、维修加固技术,并分析了各种“三下”采煤技术的优缺点和适用条件等。提出“三下”压煤开采造成建(构)筑物损害的源头是煤炭地下开采引起的覆岩破坏与地表移动,控制地表沉陷、研究地表移动变形规律是建(构)筑物下采煤的关键,减少覆岩破坏、准确预测覆岩破坏高度是水体(覆岩含水层)下安全采煤技术的关键。从经验公式、理论计算、现场实测等方面综合分析了“三下”采煤覆岩破坏与地表移动规律、地表移动变形预测、地面建筑物保护技术等。研究认为高效率、低成本、全固废、智能化覆岩离层注浆和充填开采、地下水原位保护等源头减沉控损技术将是我国未来“三下”开采技术的发展方向,并建立覆岩与地表移动变形的“天−空−地−井”一体化监测、预警机制,加强“三下”采煤工艺、全固废材料、技术与装备水平的提升,科学构建并不断完善绿色低碳、智能、安全高效的“三下”采煤技术体系。There is a large amount of coal resources that are difficult to mine due to buildings,water bodies and railways in China.Conducting research on coal mining technology and liberating pressed coal under building,water body and railways are significant for improving the recovery rate of coal resources,optimizing the layout of mining and extending the service years of mines.The paper summarized the coal mining technology under buildings,water bodies and railways and buildings and structures protection technologies in China,including partial mining,filling mining,coordinated mining,overburden bed separation grouting technology and ground protection,repair and reinforcement techniques,the advantages,disadvantages and applicable conditions of each technique are also analyzed.It is proposed that the source of damage to buildings and structures caused by coal mining under buildings,water bodies and railways is the overburden destruction and surface movement.Controlling surface subsidence and studying the law of surface movement and deformation are the key to coal mining under buildings and structures.Reducing overburden failure and accurately predicting overburden failure height are the key to safe coal mining technology under water bodies(overburden aquifers).Comprehensively analyzed the law of over-burden destruction and surface movement,the prediction of surface movement and deformation,and the protection technology of ground buildings under buildings,water bodies and railways from the experience formula,theoretical calculations,and on-site measurements.Research considers that high efficiency, low cost, all solid waste, intelligent overburden grout injection and filling mining, groundwater in-situ protection and other sources of subsidence reduction technology will be the development direction of coal mining technology under building, water body and railways in the future, and establish the “space-air-ground-well” integrated monitoring and early warning mechanism of overburden and surface movement and deformation,

关 键 词：“三下”采煤 岩层移动 地表沉陷 采动损害与保护 覆岩离层注浆 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]