露天煤矿火区爆破技术现状与趋势  

Status quo and trend of blasting technology in open-pit coal mine fire area

作　　者：王桂林 费鸿禄 刘秉轩 郭纪委 张建俊[4] 白润才[5] WANG Guilin;FEI Honglu;LIU Bingxuan;GUO Jiwei;ZHANG Jianjun;BAI Runcai(Research Institute of CHN Energy Zhunneng Group Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 010300,China;Institute of Blasting Technology,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China;Shenhua Haerwusu Open-pit Mine of CHN Energy Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 010300,China;College of Civil Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China;Liaonig Academy of Mineral Resources Development and Utilization Technology and Equipment Research Institute,Fuxin 123000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团准能研究院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯010300 [2]辽宁工程技术大学爆破技术研究院,辽宁阜新123000 [3]国家能源集团神华哈尔乌素露天煤矿,内蒙古鄂尔多斯010300 [4]辽宁工程技术大学土木工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [5]辽宁工程技术大学辽宁省高等学校矿产资源开发利用技术及装备研究院,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2025年第1期145-160,共16页Coal Science and Technology

摘　　要：露天煤矿火区爆破威胁着爆破作业安全,近几十年来国内外工程技术人员在爆破器材耐热稳定性、高温火区温度场监测技术、高温爆破技术等方面已取得了一些成果,为火区爆破设计与施工提供了技术支持。然而,仍存在高温火区爆破技术瓶颈,如爆破施工过程炮孔温度实时监测、耐高温爆破器材研制、较大规模的火区爆破技术等。为实现露天煤矿火区安全高效爆破,对露天煤矿火区爆破技术进行总结与分析,提出了火区高效安全爆破技术体系和发展方向:构建火区温度场三维工程地质模型、利用光纤光栅进行全孔深测温、开发火区温度场实时监测系统,实现爆破施工过程温度监测与预警;优选耐高温炸药的抑制剂和闪点提高剂,优化炸药配方以及研发耐高温起爆器材;高温炮孔降温方法与隔热材料的选择及药包隔热防护装置设计;研制孔内装药超过温度安全阈值时的炸药失效装置;设计高温火区单向爆破网路;分区采用加强松动、松动爆破、弱松动爆破技术和“三小一长”相结合的施工方法;编制煤层高温火区爆破作业规程,实现火区爆破信息化与智能化。深入开展露天煤矿火区爆破关键技术研究,对提高露天煤矿火区爆破安全和效益具有重要的理论与工程价值。Blasting in open-pit coal mine fire areas poses a threat to the safety of blasting operations.In recent decades,engineering and technical personnel at home and abroad have made some achievements in the heat stability of explosive materials,monitoring technology of high-temperature fire area temperature field,and high-temperature blasting technology,providing technical support for the design and construction of fire area blasting.However,there are still bottlenecks in high-temperature fire area blasting technology,such as intelligent monitoring of blast hole temperature during blasting construction,development of high temperature resistant explosive materials,and largescale fire area blasting technology.In order to achieve safe and efficient blasting in open-pit coal mine fire areas,this paper summarizes and analyzes the blasting technology in open-pit coal mine fire areas,proposes a system and development direction for efficient and safe blasting technology in fire areas:constructing a three-dimensional engineering geological model of the temperature field in the fire area,using fiber Bragg gratings for full hole depth temperature measurement,developing a real-time monitoring system for the temperature field in the fire area, and realizing temperature monitoring and early warning during blasting construction process;Optimize inhibitors and flash point enhancers for high-temperature resistant explosives, optimize explosive formulations, and develop high-temperature resistant explos-ive materials;The selection of cooling methods and insulation materials for high-temperature blast holes, as well as the design of insula-tion protection devices for drug packaging;Develop a failure apparatus of charge when the temperature safety threshold is exceeded for the charge inside the hole;Design an one-way blasting network for high-temperature fire areas;The zoning adopts a construction method that combines strengthened loosening, loosening blasting, weak loosening blasting techniques, and the "three small and one long" approa

关 键 词：火区爆破 孔温智能监测 耐高温爆破器材 炸药失效装置 单向爆破网路 

分 类 号：TD824[矿业工程—煤矿开采]