基于透明水文地质模型的工作面顶板水害预警研究  

Research on early warning of roof water inrush in working faces based on a transparent hydrogeological model

作　　者：连会青[1,6] 晏涛 尹尚先[3] 徐斌 康佳[1] 周旺[4] 闫国成 LIAN Huiqing;YAN Tao;YIN Shangxian;XU Bin;KANG Jia;ZHOU Wang;YAN Guocheng(School of Emergency Technology and Management,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Sanhe 065201,China;School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;School of Safety Engineering,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Sanhe 065201,China;Mine Rescue Brigade of Shanxi Fenxi Mining(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Lvliang 032308,China;Jinjitan Coal Mine of Shaanxi Future Energy and Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Yulin 719000,China;Multi-scene water chain accident wisdom emergency technology innovation center of Hebei,Sanhe 065201,China)

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院应急技术与管理学院,河北三河065201 [2]湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [3]华北科技学院安全工程学院,河北三河065201 [4]山西汾西矿业(集团)有限责任公司矿山救护大队,山西吕梁032308 [5]陕西未来能源化工有限公司金鸡滩煤矿,陕西榆林719000 [6]河北省多场景水害链生事故智慧应急技术创新中心,河北三河065201

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2025年第1期259-271,共13页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3005904-1);中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目(246Z7604G);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274117)。

摘　　要：我国西部矿区因地质条件复杂,煤层顶板水害问题日渐突出,传统水害预警手段难以有效应对这一挑战。为解决水害预警中指标选取、预警方法及标准构建等核心问题,系统开展了顶板水害预警的基础理论研究、关键技术分析及智能化平台建设工作。首先,在传统透明地质模型基础上提出了透明水文地质模型的概念,引入动态更新功能并明确其设计实现思路;其次,基于顶板水害发育“3阶段”机理分析,提出指标选择应遵循约束性、独立性和持续性“3原则”,确定了地表水特征、含水层结构及性质、隔水层结构及性质、采动影响围岩运移特征及水文要素动态变化特性5大类主要影响因素,共从中提取出14项可量化指标构成顶板水害预警指标体系;根据已有事故案例、现场水文观测数据变化规律和相关标准规范,提出由4个预警指标参与的智能水害预警方法,划分出4个等级的预警级别、标准和应对措施;以透明水文地质模型为逻辑底层,内嵌预警指标、方法、标准和多态接口,集成开发了具备3个层级、6个核心功能的顶板水害智能化预警平台,该平台通过触发器和轮询的混合预警机制,实现了多指标综合评价与预警;最后,平台在西部某煤矿进行了为期1 a的示范应用,期间成功发出15次预警信息,其中10次为监测设备异常预警,5次为水害信息预警,所有预警均提前采取了有效应对措施。结果表明:该平台的应用验证了预警指标、方法、标准和平台的有效性与适用性。未来的研究可进一步优化预警模型和数据分析方法,以提升平台的预警精度和响应速度。Water inrush in western China’s coal seam roofs is increasingly problematic due to complex geological conditions,with tradi-tional warning methods proving ineffective.To address key challenges like indicator selection,warning methods,and standardization,re-search has focused on early warning theory,critical technologies,and intelligent platform development.First,a transparent hydrogeologic-al model is introduced,building on the traditional geological model and incorporating dynamic updates.Second,based on the three-stage mechanism of water inrush development,indicator selection follows the principles of constraint,independence,and continuity.Five key factors are identified:surface water,aquifer structure and properties,aquiclude structure and properties,rock movement due to mining,and dynamic changes in hydrological elements.From these,14 quantifiable indicators form the early warning system.Third,an intelligent early warning method is proposed using four indicators,establishing four warning levels,standards,and response measures based on acci-dent cases,hydrological data,and standards.Fourth,an intelligent platform,integrating three layers and six core functions,is developed with a hybrid mechanism of triggers and polling for comprehensive evaluation and early warning.Finally,the platform was applied for a year in a western coal mine,issuing 15 warnings,including 10 for equipment anomalies and 5 for water inrush,all addressed with timely measures.The results validate the platform’s effectiveness.Future improvements will optimize the model and data analysis to enhance warning precision and speed.

关 键 词：透明水文地质模型 顶板水害 预警指标体系 预警方法 智能化预警平台 

分 类 号：TD745.21[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]