我国反垄断法安全港规则的解释论初探  

A Preliminary Study On the Interpretative Theory Of the Safe Harbor Rule of China's Anti-Monopoly Law

作　　者：乔韵 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2025年第1期63-77,共15页Competition Policy Research

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济时代竞争政策定位与反垄断问题研究”(项目批准号:23&ZD076);2023年国家社会科学基金一般自选项目“个人信息的竞争法保护疑难问题研究”(项目批准号:23BFX186);西南政法大学地方立法协同创新中心2023年立法研究学生“地方数字立法的问题针对性及制度创新研究”(项目批准号:DFLFX202301)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“安全港”是一个典型的隐喻,经过激烈的讨论,最终于2022年修订的《反垄断法》纳入了安全港规则。安全港规则文本规范颁布后,研究应当聚焦于其适用层面;而如何从“立法”迈向“适用”,关键在于解释,尤其是对于作为舶来品的安全港规则,如何在中国语境下展开本土化的解释是当下的难题。有鉴于此,整体层面而言,立基于中国的“生存性智慧”,借鉴中医的哲学观,确定“整体、辩证、发展”思维的解释之“道”、注重目的解释和体系解释的解释之“术”,“道”“术”合一。具体层面而言,明晰安全港规则的体系定位与价值目标,以此指引安全港规则解释的具体展开;适用范围应限于非严重限制竞争的纵向垄断协议,“其他条件”应解释为程序要件,法律后果应解读为合法而非免责。当然,解释论方案的落实离不开合理的解释体制,在当前行政中心主义的解释体制下,如何规避解释过程中的“机会主义”与“权力寻租”等,仍待求索。"Safe Harbor"is a typical metaphor,after intense discussion,and finally the 2022 amendment to the"Anti-monopoly Law"included safe harbor rules.After the promulgation of the safe harbor rules,the research should focus on its application.And how to move from"legislation"to"application"is the key to interpretation,especially for the safe harbor rules as imported goods,how to carry out localized interpretation in the Chinese context is the current difficult problem of the times.In view of this,on the whole level,based on the Chinese"survival wisdom"and the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine,the"Tao"of the explanation of"whole,dialectical and development"thinking is determined,and the"technique"of the explanation focusing on the purpose explanation and the system explanation is integrated.At the specific level,the system positioning and value objectives of the safe harbor rules are clarified,so as to guide the interpretation of the safe harbor rules.The scope of application should be limited to vertical monopoly agreements that do not seriously restrict competition,"other conditions"should be interpreted as procedural requirements,and the legal consequences should be interpreted as legal rather than exonerating.Of course,the implementation of the interpretative scheme cannot be separated from a reasonable interpretation system.Under the current administrative centralism interpretation system,how to avoid"opportunism"and"power rent-seeking"in the interpretation process is still to be explored.

关 键 词：反垄断法 垄断协议 安全港规则 法律解释 法律实施 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]