人工智能医疗产业的竞争风险治理——以数据和算法为中心  

Competitive Risk Management of Artificial Intelligence Medical Industry:Centered on Data and Algorithm

作　　者：林洧 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2025年第1期91-104,共14页Competition Policy Research

基　　金：中国人民大学2024年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果。

摘　　要：人工智能医疗是社会与技术共生的系统,医疗健康数据与算法共同构成了人工智能医疗行业发展的支点。人工智能医疗企业可能利用数据与算法实施不正当竞争行为,由此衍生出的数据驱动型与算法驱动型两种竞争风险对公平的市场竞争秩序造成了冲击。对此,我国采取传统竞争法的规制方式对其予以治理,将数据与算法纳入竞争法的规制范畴;欧美则通过专门立法的方式,将数据与算法纳入数字经济领域竞争法的规制范畴,积累了丰富的反垄断执法经验。立足于人工智能医疗产业市场竞争的特殊性,我国应当参考域外的立法与执法经验,探索更具效能的竞争风险治理体系。这不仅要求借助监管沙盒的政策工具对人工智能医疗产品或服务进行测试,对相关的竞争法规范与政策进行检验;还要求根据数据、算法的类型化界分,进一步完善竞争法规制机制,例如重构相关市场界定方法、健全竞争力审查规则、创新算法共谋的认定机制等。Artificial intelligence medical treatment is a symbiotic system of society and technology,and medical health data and algorithms together constitute the fulcrum of the development of artificial intelligence medical industry.AI medical enterprises may use data and algorithms to engage in unfair competitive behavior,resulting in the risk of data-driven and algorithm-driven competition affecting the fair market competition order.In this regard,China adopts the traditional regulation method of competition law to regulate them,including data and algorithm into the scope of competition law regulation.Europe and the United States have included data and algorithm into the scope of competition law regulation in the field of digital economy through special legislation,and have rich experience in anti-monopoly law enforcement.Based on the characteristics of market competition in the medical artificial intelligence industry,China should draw on external experience in legislation and law enforcement to explore a more efficient system of competition risk management.This requires not only testing AI medical products or services with the policy tools of the regulatory sandbox,but also testing relevant competition law norms and policies.It is also necessary to further improve the competition law regulatory mechanism according to the classification of data and algorithms,such as restructuring the relevant market definition,improving the competition review rules,and innovating the identification mechanisms of algorithm collusion.

关 键 词：人工智能医疗 数据 算法 反不正当竞争法 反垄断法 监管沙盒 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学] D923[政治法律—法学]