地震波相位重构方法在缝洞型储层识别中的应用  

Application of seismic wave phase reconstruction in identification of fracture-cavity reservoirs

作　　者：常少英 曾溅辉[1] 王孟修 谢舟[3] 崔仕提[3] 杜一凡 CHANG Shaoying;ZENG Jianhui;WANG Mengxiu;XIE Zhou;CUI Shiti;DU Yifan(College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102200,China;PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Geology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310023,China;Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京102200 [2]中国石油杭州地质研究院,浙江杭州310023 [3]中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2025年第1期204-212,共9页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司碳酸盐岩专项“碳酸盐岩油气富集规律及有利区带研究”(2023ZZ16-01);“海相碳酸盐岩油气规模增储上产与勘探开发技术研究”(2023ZZ16YJ02);基础性前瞻性重大科技专项“叠合盆地中下组合油气成藏与保持机制研究”(2023ZZ02)联合资助。

摘　　要：超深层缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏已成为塔里木盆地重要的油气勘探开发领域,并展现了良好的勘探开发前景。塔里木盆地富满地区超深层断控缝洞型有效储层识别难,影响储层有效性评价及储层单元划分。为此,文中基于地震波相位重构方法开展缝洞型储层识别研究。首先,将原始地震数据在相位域开展分解;其次,进行一维、二维地质模型正演,优选对碳酸盐岩储层较为敏感的相位分量;最后,将敏感相位角度的分量数据体重构,产生新的相位地震数据体。研究结果表明,地震波相位重构方法可以较好地去除地层等其他因素产生的强地震波反射特征的屏蔽效应,去除无效信号,突出弱反射储层信号,可以有效地划分缝洞型储层的有利分布范围,为油气藏评价、开发部署提供有利区。地震波相位分解重构技术识别缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层可为其他类似储层特征的评价提供有益借鉴。Ultra-deep fracture-cavity carbonate oil and gas reservoirs have become an important area for exploration and development in the Tarim Basin,showing promising prospects.The identification of effective ultra-deep fault-controlled fracture-cavity reservoirs in the Fuman area of the Tarim Basin is challenging,which affects the evaluation of reservoir effectiveness and the division of reservoir units.This paper conducts research on identification of fracture-cavity reservoirs with a seismic wave phase reconstruction method.First,the raw seismic data are decomposed in the phase domain.Then,the paper conducts one-dimensional and two-dimensional forward modeling of geological models.The phase component sensitive to the carbonate reservoir is selected.Finally,the component data volume with sensitive phase angle is reconstructed to generate a new phase seismic data volume.The research results show that seismic wave phase reconstruction technology can effectively remove the shielding effects caused by strong seismic reflections due to other factors in the strata,eliminating invalid signals and highlighting weak reflection signals from the reservoir.This technology can effectively delineate the favorable distribution range of fracture-cavity reservoirs,providing valuable information on favorable areas for reservoir evaluation and development planning.The use of seismic wave phase decomposition and reconstruction technology for identifying fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs can serve as a useful reference for evaluating similar reservoir characteristics in other areas.

关 键 词：超深层 缝洞型储层 相位分解重构 强反射背景 储层有效性检测 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]