页岩储层天然裂缝对水力压裂改造效果的影响——以松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组页岩为例  

Influence of natural fractures on hydraulic fracturing effect of shale reservoir:A case study of Qingshankou Formation shale in Gulong Sag of Songliao Basin

作　　者：王团[1,2] 赵海波[1,2,3] 杨志会[2] 张晟瑞 任朝发[2] 唐晓花 WANG Tuan;ZHAO Haibo;YANG Zhihui;ZHANG Shenrui;REN Chaofa;TANG Xiaohua(School of Earth Sciences,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Ltd.,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163712,China;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tight Oil and Shale Oil Accumulations,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163712,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712 [3]黑龙江省致密油和泥岩油成藏研究重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2025年第1期213-224,共12页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份公司攻关性应用性重大科技专项“陆相页岩油规模增储上产与勘探开发技术研究”(2023ZZ15);中央引导地方科技发展专项“黑龙江省致密油和泥岩油成藏研究重点实验室建设项目”(ZY20B13)联合资助。

摘　　要：页岩储层同时发育高角度天然裂缝和水平页理缝,对水力压裂人工裂缝扩展和压裂施工具有很大影响。为明确天然裂缝与人工裂缝间的相互作用,首先,通过岩心及野外露头观察、电成像测井识别和地震属性预测,明确了天然裂缝发育特征;然后,依托井中微地震监测技术,结合压裂施工参数变化特征,综合分析天然裂缝对人工裂缝扩展规律及压裂施工的影响。实例分析结果表明,不同产状天然裂缝对水力压裂改造效果影响存在差异,高角度天然裂缝容易产生压裂段间重复改造、套管变形、套管损坏等压裂施工异常,对人工裂缝扩展规律的影响随走向不同发生变化,其中东西向天然裂缝具有促进作用、南北向天然裂缝具有阻挡作用、北东/北西向天然裂缝具有转向作用;水平页理缝使得人工裂缝先横向破裂和延伸再往上、下扩展,人工裂缝总体表现为“扩展不高、延伸不远”,施工压力一直在高位区间震荡,容易引发砂堵。研究结果可为后续水平井轨迹设计及水力压裂施工参数优化调整提供依据。Shale reservoirs have both high-angle natural fractures and horizontal shale bedding fractures,which has significant influences on the expansion of artificial fractures under hydraulic fracturing and fracturing construction.To clarify the interaction between natural fractures and artificial fractures,this study first identified the development characteristics of natural fractures through core and field outcrop observations,electrical imaging logging identification,and seismic attribute prediction and then comprehensively analyzed the influences of natural fractures on the expansion law of artificial fractures and fracturing construction by relying on the downhole microseismic monitoring technology and considering the characteristics of changes in fracturing construction parameters.The results of the case analysis show that there are differences in the influence of natural fractures with different orientations on the hydraulic fracturing effect.High-angle natural fractures are prone to fracturing construction abnormalities such as repeated stimulation between fracturing sections,casing deformation,and casing damage.The influence of natural fractures on the expansion law of artificial fractures changes with different orientations,with EW natural fractures having a promoting effect,NS natural fractures having a blocking effect,and NE/NW natural fractures having a turning effect.The existence of horizontal shale bedding fractures causes artificial fractures to first rupture and extend laterally and then expand upward and downward.The overall performance of artificial fractures is that they do not expand high or extend far,and the construction pressure fluctuates in the high range,which is easy to cause sand blockage.The research results can provide a basis for the subsequent design of horizontal well trajectories and the optimization and adjustment of hydraulic fracturing parameters.

关 键 词：页岩储层 水平页理缝 微地震监测 水力压裂 人工裂缝 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]