线束地震技术与应用  

Beam seismic technique and its application

作　　者：李亚林[1,2,3,4] 段文胜 李大军[1,3,4] LI Yalin;DUAN Wensheng;LI Dajun(PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou,Hebei 072751,China;R&D Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development,CNPC,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China;Engineering Research Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油塔里木油田公司,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]中国石油集团东方地球物理公司,河北涿州072751 [3]中国石油天然气集团有限公司超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发工程研究中心,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2025年第1期253-272,共20页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“膏盐层屏蔽下的超深层复杂构造成像技术”(2019YFC0605503);中国石油股份重大专项课题“复杂山地、黄土塬及大沙漠区地震关键技术攻关”(2018E-1807)联合资助。

摘　　要：针对山前带双复杂低信噪比区清晰、准确构造成像久攻不克的世界级地震勘探难题,提出线束地震技术解决方案。首先,采用基于“条带状密点排列片、均匀充分采样、纵向滚动”的线束地震采集,在纵、横两个方向对有效波和干扰波进行高精度均匀、充分采样,克服了常规三维地震单炮横向采样严重不足的困难,实现了从室外组合压噪向室外采样高精度噪声(不压噪)、室内高精度去噪的转变;然后,充分挖掘线束地震采集资料的优势,配套形成了以线束地震炮域体去噪、高精度速度建模与偏移成像为代表的特色处理技术。塔里木盆地多个应用实例表明,线束地震实现了双复杂低信噪比区地震资料质的飞跃,大幅提高了复杂地质目标识别与解译能力,形成了可复制、可借鉴的地震采集处理技术,为解决国内外山前带双复杂区油气勘探开发的地震成像难题提供了一种新的有效技术手段和经验参考。To address the worldwide seismic exploration challenge of achieving clear and accurate structural imaging in dual-complexity areas with a low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in piedmont zones,this paper proposes a solution using the beam seismic technique.Through beam seismic acquisition based on“belt-patch dense point array,uniform and sufficient sampling,and vertical rolling”,high-precision uniform and sufficient sam-pling of effective and interference waves is performed in both vertical and horizontal directions.This overcomes the serious deficiency of lateral sampling in conventional 3D seismic surveys and achieves a transition from outdoor combined noise suppression to outdoor high-precision noise sampling(without noise suppression)and further indoor high-precision denoising.Fully exploiting the advantages of beam seismic acquisition data,this study forms a set of characteristic processing techniques represented by beam seismic shot-domain volume denoising,high-precision velocity modeling,and migration imaging.Multiple application examples in the Tarim Basin demonstrate that the beam seismic technique has achieved a qualitative leap in seismic data quality in dualcomplexity areas with a low SNR,significantly improving the ability to identify and interpret complex geological targets.It has become a replicable and referential seismic acquisition and processing technique,providing a new and effective technical means and empirical reference for solving the seismic imaging challenges in oil and gas exploration and development in dual-complexity areas in piedmont zones both in China and other countries.

关 键 词：线束地震 条带状排列片 均匀充分采样 炮域体去噪 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]