1986-2024年若尔盖湿地景观演变及其驱动因素  

Landscape dynamics and its driving factors in Zoige Wetlands from 1986 to 2024

作　　者：邱梦琪 刘焱序 刘涛 张叶 王璟 杨猛 秦杰 向国萍 QIU Mengqi;LIU Yanxu;LIU Tao;ZHANG Ye;WANG Jing;YANG Meng;QIN Jie;XIANG Guoping(State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Ruoergai Ecological Restoration Field Observation and Research Station,Upper Yellom River,the 2nd Geological Brigade of Sichuan,Chengdu 610017,China;The 9th Geological Brigade of Sichuan,Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与水土风沙灾害风险防控全国重点实验室,北京100875 [2]四川省第二地质大队黄河上游若尔盖生态修复野外科学观测研究站,成都610017 [3]四川省第九地质大队,德阳618000

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第5期2162-2172,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1309200);国家自然科学基金项目(42171088)。

摘　　要：若尔盖湿地是我国面积最大的高原泥炭沼泽集中分布区,在保障黄河水资源安全方面发挥了巨大的作用。然而,当前缺乏针对若尔盖地区的长时间序列、较高时空分辨率的湿地景观信息,导致对若尔盖湿地景观演变全貌认识不全。为明晰若尔盖湿地时空演变趋势及驱动因素,研究以若尔盖湿地草本沼泽和水体为研究对象,在Google Earth Engine云平台中,利用Landsat⁃5/7/8遥感卫星数据集,结合随机森林分类与样本迁移方法,生成了1986—2024年湿地空间分布数据集,空间分辨率为30 m、时间间隔为1年,整体分类精度在95.49%以上。研究表明:2024年草本沼泽及水体总湿地面积相对1986年退化了77.15 km^(2),湿地退化率为2.5%。草本沼泽以1996年及2013年为时间节点,呈现出“增⁃减⁃增”的变化趋势;水体面积的变化波动较大,呈现“减⁃增”的变化趋势,2024年的水体规模约是1986年的1.6倍。草本沼泽会随着生长季温度的升高而发生退化,降水量与径流量的增加促进了水体面积的扩张,近些年的湿地修复工程有效促进了湿地恢复。然而,水体的连通性及草本沼泽的聚集性却呈现下降趋势,因此,未来的湿地保护和修复工作应重点提升湿地的连通性和聚集性。研究为若尔盖湿地保护、恢复和可持续管理提供了参考信息。The Zoige(Ruoergai)Wetland,China′s largest high⁃altitude peatland region,is crucial for maintaining the water resource balance of the Yellow River.However,the lack of long⁃term,high⁃resolution,and densely sampled wetland datasets has impeded a thorough understanding of the wetland′s landscape evolution.To elucidate the spatio⁃temporal evolution trends and driving factors of the Zoige wetland and enhance its protection and management,we concentrated on the marshes and water bodies within the Zoige Wetland,utilizing the Google Earth Engine cloud platform to process Landsat⁃5/7/8 remote sensing satellite data.Employing random forest classification and sample transfer techniques,we created a wetland spatial distribution dataset covering 1986 to 2024,with a spatial resolution of 30 m and a temporal resolution of one year,achieving an overall classification accuracy exceeding 95.49%.The findings show that by 2024,the total wetland area of marshes and water bodies had diminished by 77.15 km^(2) from 1986,indicating an overall degradation rate of 2.5%.Marshes followed a“growth⁃decline⁃growth”trajectory,with key transition points identified in 1996 and 2013.Water bodies exhibited greater variability,following a“decline⁃growth”pattern,with their area in 2024 being approximately 1.6 times that of 1986.Marsh degradation was closely linked to rising temperatures during the growing season,while increases in precipitation and runoff facilitated the expansion of water bodies.Recent wetland restoration efforts have played a significant role in reversing these degradation trends.However,the connectivity of water bodies and the aggregation of marshes have shown a declining trend.Consequently,future wetland conservation and restoration initiatives should prioritize enhancing the connectivity and aggregation of wetlands.This study provides critical insights and reference data for the protection,restoration,and sustainable management of the Zoige Wetland.

关 键 词：若尔盖湿地 长时间序列 时空变化 景观指数 驱动因素 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]