广州城市中央湿地草本层生态位特征  

Niche characteristics of herbaceous layer in the central wetland of Guangzhou City

作　　者：李晖 刘龙英 郭婉琪 何韫 赵梓秀 朱子昕 范存祥 林志斌 袁兴中[3] LI Hui;LIU Longying;GUO Wanqi;HE Yun;ZHAO Zixiu;ZHU Zixin;FAN Cunxiang;LIN Zhibin;YUAN Xingzhong(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Public Education and Research Center of Haizhu Wetland in Guangzhou,Guangzhou 510000,China;College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400000,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642 [2]广州市海珠湿地科研宣传教育中心,广州510000 [3]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400000

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第5期2355-2363,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52478053);国家自然科学基金项目(52078222);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2024A1515010783);海珠湿地维护中心技术咨询项目《广州海珠垛基果林湿地生态系统研究》。

摘　　要：研究湿地草本层生态位特征对于特大型城市湿地实现低维护管理,提升城市生境异质性具有重要参考价值。选取广州城市中央官洲水道两岸的小洲湿地和咀头湿地作为研究对象,采用网格系统取样法,共选取162个湿地草本层样方,运用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数的方法,对其优势物种的生态位宽度及生态位重叠进行定量分析并比较。结果表明:(1)研究区内湿地草本层竞争激烈,入侵物种的数量少于乡土物种但重要值和生态位宽度均较高,其中最大的分别为南美蟛蜞菊、两耳草等入侵物种,对乡土物种的生存空间造成挤压使其生态位宽度逐渐减小;重要值最高的乡土物种是鸭跖草,在长期无人工干预的状态下有较好的适应性。(2)重要值与生态位宽度无明显的正相关关系,影响生态位宽度的因素包括重要值、分布频度、空间和环境等。(3)入侵物种与乡土物种之间普遍存在生态位重叠现象,且相互之间的重叠现象相较于入侵植物与乡土植物内部更为显著。咀头湿地草本层的总体平均生态位宽度和重叠值均大于小洲湿地,物种间竞争排斥较强,自生乡土植物的生长处于相对劣势。(4)小洲湿地草本层群落稳定状态优于咀头湿地,表明自然演替的湿地草本层在适当人工干预的状态下,通过增加自生乡土物种的种间关系平衡能有效增加物种多样性,有助于构建相对稳定的乡土湿地草本层植物群落。研究结果可以为高密度城市中心区域环境下抵御入侵植物、优化草本层结构及实现低维护管理提供参考。Wetlands in the Lingnan region are rich in plant resources,exhibiting layering phenomena such as tree layer,herb layer,and aquatic plant layer,based on the space occupied by different plant communities in the vertical direction,where the herb layer primarily consists of native and invasive species that naturally grow in the understory,in high⁃density urban centers,the herb layer of wetlands experiences high levels of artificial interference,species diversity is reduced,and the invasion of foreign species is serious and other phenomena.Studying the ecological niche characteristics of wetland herbaceous layer provides important insights for mega urban wetlands to achieve low⁃maintenance management and enhance the heterogeneity of urban habitats.Xiaozhou and Zuitou wetlands,located on either side of the Guanzhou waterway in central Guangzhou,were selected as the study subjects.A total of 162 wetland herbaceous layer sampling plots were selected by grid system sampling method to quantitatively analyze and compare the niche width and niche overlap of their dominant species by using the methods of Levins niche width and Pianka niche overlap index.The results showed that:(1)The competition in the herbaceous layer of the wetlands in the study area is intense,and the number of invasive species is less than that of the native species,but the importance value and niche width are higher,in which the largest invasive species in the two wetlands are Sphagneticola trilobata,Paspalum conjugatum,etc,which have caused a gradual decrease in the niche width of the native species by squeezing the living space of native species;the native species with the highest importance value is Commelina communis,which is better adapted under the state of no artificial intervention for a long period of time.(2)There is no obvious positive correlation between the importance value and the niche width.Factors affecting the niche width include the importance value,frequency of distribution,space and environment.(3)The niche overlap between invasi

关 键 词：生态位宽度 生态位重叠值 乡土物种 入侵物种 人工干预 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]