改革开放以来中国畜产品地理集聚态势分析——演变特征与区域差异  

Geographical Agglomeration of Animal Products in China since Reform and Opening up——Evolution Characteristics and Regional Differences

作　　者：周杨 刘楠楠 邢仕宏[1] 王诗涵 ZHOU Yang;LIU Nannan;XING Shihong;WANG Shihan(Economics Management College,Jining University,Jining 273115,China;Hotel and Tourism Management College,Universiti Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam,Malaysia 40450)

机构地区：[1]济宁学院经济管理学院,山东曲阜273155 [2]玛拉工艺大学酒店与旅游管理学院,马来西亚莎阿南40450

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2025年第2期76-84,共9页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BJY041);山东省社会科学规划研究项目(24CRWJ04)。

摘　　要：通过区位基尼系数测算了1980-2021年我国猪肉、牛肉、羊肉等主要畜产品地理集聚的演变特征和区域差异,并剖析了形成机制,结果表明:猪肉、牛肉、羊肉等主要畜产品均具有明显的地理集聚特征,羊肉的地理集聚水平最高,牛肉次之,猪肉最后。改革开放以来,猪肉和羊肉生产格局大致呈“集-散-集”的分布特征,牛肉生产格局先经历了“U”型分布特征,后经历了一段较长时期的分散迁徙期;从空间格局看,生猪生产主要布局在中南、西南和华东地区,但华东地区生产布局逐渐向东北地区转移,牛肉主要分布在东北、华北和中南地区,但西北和西南地区平均产量增速明显,羊肉生产分布相对稳定,华北和西北地区是重要的主产区;基于资源禀赋的初始集聚机制、农业科技创新的区域外推机制以及市场与政策对畜产品地理集聚格局产生和优化机制,共同作用并在不同时期主导着中国畜产品空间格局的演变。最后,在粮食安全视域下,进一步提出畜产品生产布局不能仅考虑比较优势和经济效益,还应提高区域自给能力;未来畜牧业结构调整应在稳定生猪养殖的同时,大力发展牛、羊等草食畜牧业。Based on the location Gini coefficient,the evolution characteristics and regional differences of the geographical agglomeration of mutton and other major livestock products were measured from 1980 to 2021,and the formation mechanism was analyzed.The results showed that the geographical agglomeration of pork,beef and mutton was the highest,followed by beef and pork.Since the reform and opening up,the production pattern of pork and mutton showed a“gathering-scattering-gathering”distribution.The production pattern of beef first experienced a“U-shaped”distribution,and then experienced a long period of scattered migration.In terms of spatial pattern,the production of live pigs was mainly distributed in Central,Southwest and East China,but the distribution of production in East China was gradually transferred to Northeast China.Beef was mainly distributed in Northeast,North and South China,but the average yield growth is obvious in Northwest and Southwest China,and the distribution of mutton production is relatively stable.North and Northwest China are important main producing areas.The initial agglomeration mechanism based on resource endowment,the regional extrapolation mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation,and the mechanism of market and policy on the formation and optimization of geographical agglomeration pattern of livestock products have led to the evolution of spatial pattern of livestock products in China in different periods.Finally,from the perspective of food security,it is further proposed that the production layout of livestock products should not only consider comparative advantages and economic benefits,but also improve regional self-sufficiency.The structural adjustment of animal husbandry in the future should not only stabilize pig breeding,but also vigorously develop herbivorous animal husbandry such as cattle,sheep and goats.

关 键 词：改革开放 地理集聚 演变特征 区域差异 

分 类 号：F307.3[经济管理—产业经济]