微纳米铝粉材料的点火和爆炸性能  

The Ignition and Explosive Properties of Micro-nano Aluminum Powder Materials

作　　者：安森森 夏语 罗一民 王军红 马腾 吴星亮 徐森[2,3] AN Sen-sen;XIA Yu;LUO Yi-min;WANG Jun-hong;MA Teng;WU Xing-liang;XU Sen(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;China National Quality Supervision Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学安全科学与工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094 [3]国家民用爆破器材质量监督检测中心,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2025年第2期150-157,I0006,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.12272184)。

摘　　要：为了研究微纳米自组装和物理混合铝粉材料的点火与爆炸性能,采用1.2 L哈特曼管和20 L球爆炸测试系统对材料的点火敏感度、火焰传播特性以及爆炸参数进行了研究。结果表明,与Al-T4纯微米铝粉相比,纳米铝粉可以显著降低铝粉材料的点火能量,自组装工艺相较于物理混合工艺的铝粉材料,其点火敏感性进一步升高;在火焰传播速度上,少量纳米铝粉的高反应速率可以加速微米铝粉的反应,自组装铝粉由于微纳米铝粉整体的协同作用,容易点火的同时对热量的传递也更为高效;在20 L球爆炸测试系统中,质量分数5%纳米的自组装和物理混合铝粉在500 g/m^(3)时达到最大爆炸压力以及爆炸指数,分别为0.72、0.75 MPa以及43.21、31.49 MPa·m/s,添加质量分数10%纳米自组装和物理混合铝粉则在1000 g/m^(3)时达到最大爆炸压力,分别为0.84、0.68 MPa,质量分数5%的纳米铝粉爆炸压力和爆炸指数随着粉尘浓度先变大后减小,质量分数10%纳米的铝粉爆炸压力和爆炸指数则随着粉尘浓度的升高而增大,复合铝粉的爆炸威力不仅和活性相关,和铝粉本身的热值也存在一定的关联。In order to study the ignition and explosion properties of micro-nano self-assembled and physically mixed aluminum powder materials,the ignition sensitivity,flame propagation characteristics and explosion parameters of the materials were studied through a 1.2 L Hartmann tube and a 20 L ball explosion test system.The results show that compared with Al-T4 micron aluminum powder,nano-aluminum powder can significantly reduce the ignition energy of aluminum powder materials.And the ignition sensitivity of the self-assembly process is further increased compared with that of aluminum powder materials with physical mixed process.In terms of the flame propagation speed,the high reaction rate of a small amount of nano-aluminum powder can accelerate the reaction of micron aluminum powder,and the self-assembled aluminum powder is easy to ignite and the heat transfer is more efficient due to the overall synergistic effect of micro-nano aluminum powder.In the 20 L ball explosion test system,the maximum explosion pressure and explosion index of self-assembled and physical mixed aluminum powder with 5%mass fraction of nano content are 0.72 MPa,0.75 MPa,43.21 MPa·m/s and 31.49 MPa·m/s at 500 g/m^(3).The maximum explosion pressure and explosion index of self-assembled and physical mixed aluminum powder with 10%mass fraction are 0.84 and 0.68 MPa at 1000 g/m^(3).The explosion pressure and explosion index of 5%mass fraction of nano aluminum powder increase first and then decrease with increasing the concentration,and the explosion pressure and explosion index of aluminum powder with 10%mass fraction increase with the increase of concentration.The explosion power of the composite system isnot only related to the activity,but also has a certain relationship with the calorific value of the powder.

关 键 词：爆炸力学 自组装 微米铝粉 纳米铝粉 最小点火能 不同发火概率 火焰传播 爆炸压力 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O38[理学—流体力学]