新型石墨烯基黑火药的制备及其性能表征  

Preparation and Properties Characterization of Novel Graphene-based Black Powder

作　　者：田璐 石先锐[3] 段西凯 李兆乾 沈金朋 裴重华 TIAN Lu;SHI Xian-rui;DUAN Xi-kai;LI Zhao-qian;SHEN Jin-peng;PEI Chong-hua(State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;School of Material and Chemistry,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China;Sichuan Police College,Luzhou Sichuan 646000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学材料与化学学院,四川绵阳621010 [3]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [4]四川警察学院,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2025年第2期158-167,I0007,共11页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室自主课题(No.22fksy20)。

摘　　要：针对黑火药传火速率不高的问题,采用在还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)上原位生长纳米硫,制备纳米硫/RGO复合物(RGS),然后用冰模板法将KNO_(3)与RGS复合,获得KNO_(3)/RGS复合物(RGPS);通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、比表面积和孔径分析仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和高速摄影(HSVR)对其形貌、结构、热分解性能和燃烧性能进行表征,并与机械混合物的性能进行了对比。结果表明,纳米硫原位生长在RGO上,KNO_(3)嵌入在RGS中,KNO_(3)的尺寸为3μm左右;RGPS的BET表面积约为8.1 m^(2)/g,远大于机械混合物的4.2 m^(2)/g;放热峰温比机械混合物低13.6℃,放热量增加82.4%;活化能为153 kJ/mol,比机械混合物低16 kJ/mol;常温常压下的平均燃烧速度相比于黑火药机械混合物及RGPS机械混合物提高220.3%和182.1%。说明RGPS的热分解性能及燃烧性能较机械混合物显著提升。Regarding the problem of insufficientfire transfer rate of black powder,the nano-sulphur/RGO composite(RGS)wasprepared based on growth of nano-S on RGO in-situ,then mixed with KNO_(3)using ice template method to get KNO_(3)/RGS composite(RGPS).The morphology,composition,thermal decomposition and combustion performance were characterized by FE-SEM,XRD,BET,DSC and HSVR and the performances of KNO_(3)/RGS composite(RGPS)were compared with that of the physical mixture.The results show that nano-S is anchored in situ on RGO nanosheets and KNO_(3) is embedded in RGS.The average diameter of the size of KNO_(3) is about 3μm.The BET surface area of RGPS composite is about 8.1 m^(2)/g,which is much larger than 4.2 m^(2)/g of the physical mixture.The exothermic peak temperature of RGPS is lower about 13.6℃ than that of the physical mixture,the amount of released heat increased by 82.4%.The reaction activation energy of RGPS composite is 153 kJ/mol,reduced by 16 kJ/mol compared to the physical mixture.Compared with black powder physical mixture and RGPS physical mixture,the average combustion speed of RGPS composite is increased by 220.3%and 182.1%,respectively.The strategy can enhance the thermal decomposition and combustion performance of RGPS.

关 键 词：物理化学 RGS复合物 RGPS复合物 黑火药 氧化石墨烯 GO 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]