青藏高原柴达木盆地盐湖K、Li、B等盐类资源研究进展  

Progress in the Study of Potassium,Lithium,and Boron Salt Resources in Salt Lakes of the Qaidam Basin on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：饶辉辉 潘彤 贺茂勇[1] 侯殿保[3] 陈建洲 周江迪 RAO Huihui;PAN Tong;HE Maoyong;HOU Dianbao;CHEN Jianzhou;ZHOU Jiangdi(State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710061;Bureau of Geological Exploration and Development of Qinghai Province,Xining,Qinghai 810001;Key Laboratory of Green and High Value Utilisation of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,Qinghai 810001;The Fourth Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province,Xining,Qinghai 810001;Qinghai Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resources,Xining,Qinghai 810001;School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安710061 [2]青海省地质矿产勘察开发局,青海西宁810001 [3]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,盐湖资源绿色高值利用重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [4]青海省第四地质勘查院,青海西宁810001 [5]青海省页岩气资源重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [6]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《地球学报》2025年第2期376-396,共21页Acta Geoscientica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省杰出青年基金项目(编号:2022JC-16);青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划项目、青海省地质矿产勘查开发局高层次人才培养项目(编号:2023-3-18)联合资助。

摘　　要：柴达木盆地是我国西部最大的高原型内陆盆地,拥有着丰富的盐湖矿产资源,其中K、Li、B等资源储量和品质在国内外具有重要地位。文章详细探讨了这些资源的富集成因,并将其归纳为地质构造、气候变化、化学风化与沉积、水体补给四个方面。其中地质构造运动塑造了柴达木盆地独特的“高山深盆”环境,为盐类物质的沉积提供了初始条件;气候变化特别是干旱气候的出现,促进了盐分的蒸发浓缩;化学风化作用则为盐湖提供了矿物质来源,而沉积过程决定了这些物质在盆地何处富集;水体补给包括地表水、地下水、热泉和深层油田水的补给,这些都显著影响了盐湖中K、Li、B等盐类资源的富集。同位素地球化学手段已被广泛应用于揭示盐湖卤水的物源、补给源及其成矿过程,为全面系统地揭示盐湖地球化学系统提供了新的视角。然而,在柴达木古湖的演化、Ca-Cl型卤水混合作用下的钾盐成矿等方面仍存在未解决的科学问题,解决这些科学问题对我国盐湖盐类战略性资源富集及其成矿机制的研究具有重要科学意义。The Qaidam Basin is the largest plateau-type inland basin in western China.It is renowned for its rich mineral resources in salt lakes,particularly its significant reserves of potassium(K),lithium(Li),and boron(B),which are of domestic and international importance.This review explores the factors that contribute to the enrichment of these resources,which are categorized into four aspects:geological structure,climate change,chemical weathering and deposition,and water recharge.The unique“alpine deep basin”environment of Qaidam Basin was shaped by geological tectonic movement,creating the initial conditions necessary for salt deposition.Climate change,especially the onset of arid climate,further promoted the evaporation and concentration of salts.Chemical weathering provided the source of minerals for the salt lakes,and the depositional process determined where these substances were enriched in the basin.The water recharge includes surface water,groundwater,hot springs,and deep oil field water,which plays a crucial role in the enrichment of K,Li,and B salts in the lake.In addition,isotope geochemical methods have been widely applied to reveal the sources of brine,recharge sources,and mineralization processes in salt lakes,thereby providing novel insights for a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the geochemical system of salt lakes.However,some unsolved problems remain,such as the evolution of the ancient lake of Qaidam and the mineralization of K salts under the mixing of calcium-chlorine(Ca-Cl)brines.Addressing these issues is vital for advancing our understanding of the enrichment and mineralization mechanisms of strategic salt lake resources.

关 键 词：柴达木盆地 盐湖 盐类资源 富集成因 物源 成矿机制 同位素 

分 类 号：P619.211[天文地球—矿床学]