基于可追责断言的支付通道网络性能优化研究  

Performance optimization research of payment channel network based on accountable assertions

作　　者：李雯琪 应作斌 臧嘉威 熊金波[2,3] 刘西蒙 LI Wenqi;YING Zuobin;ZANG Jiawei;XIONG Jinbo;LIU Ximeng(Faculty of Data Science,City University of Macao,Macao 999078,China;College of Computer and Cyber Security,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;College of Computer and Data Science,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门城市大学数据科学学院,澳门999078 [2]福建师范大学计算机与网络空间安全学院,福建福州350117 [3]福建师范大学福建省网络安全与密码技术重点实验室,福建福州350007 [4]福州大学计算机与大数据学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《网络与信息安全学报》2025年第1期66-78,共13页Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NSFC)-澳门科学技术发展基金(FDCT)联合科研项目(0051/2022/AFJ)。

摘　　要：针对区块链技术在区块大小和生成速率上的固有限制导致的可扩展性问题,支付通道网络(payment channel network,PCN)提供了链下扩容的有效方案。然而,传统的使用可锁定结构的PCN存在以下两个缺点:存在作恶方时该结构只能结束交易过程,却无法对恶意行为者实施识别与惩罚;某一笔交易需要复盘时,PCN中出现的所有交易都需要恢复,导致巨大的计算开销。鉴于此,提出了一种基于可追责断言性能优化的支付通道网络方案——AAPO-PCN(accountable assertions performance optimization-payment channel network)。AAPO-PCN通过引进可追责断言算法,构建了一种可编辑的Merkle树结构。不同于传统Merkle树,该方案采用变色龙哈希函数替换原有哈希算法,并整合可追责断言机制,旨在有效识别恶意用户。通过这种方式,不仅令相关交易的恢复更加高效,同时也大幅减少了计算开销。最后提供了全面的安全性分析与实验,结果表明,AAPO-PCN在不牺牲安全性的情况下,具有更优的计算效率与通信开销。Restricted by block size and the block generation rate,cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin were unable to sig‐nificantly improve their scalability through on-chain approaches.Payment channel networks(PCN)were recog‐nized as one of the most important methods to achieve scalability through off-chain modes.However,traditional PCN utilizing a lockable structure were found to have two major drawbacks.First,in the presence of malicious par‐ties,this structure could only terminate the transaction process but could not identify or punish the malicious actors.Second,when a specific transaction needed to be reviewed,all transactions within the PCN had to be recovered,re‐sulting in significant computational overhead.To address these issues,a scheme called accountable assertions per‐formance optimization-payment channel network(AAPO-PCN)was proposed.In this scheme,an accountable as‐sertion algorithm was introduced to construct an editable Merkle tree.Unlike the standard Merkle tree,the chame‐leon hash function was used to replace the original hash function,and accountable assertions were integrated to identify malicious users.This approach ensured that only the related transactions needed to be recovered,thereby improving efficiency.Finally,a comprehensive security analysis and experimental evaluation were conducted,dem‐onstrating that AAPO-PCN achieved superior computational efficiency and reduced communication overhead with‐out compromising security.

关 键 词：支付通道网络 可追责断言 MERKLE树 变色龙哈希函数 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]