弗莱维赫改良荷斯坦杂交代产奶性能的研究  

Study on milk performance of Holstein crossbred generations improved by Fleckvieh

作　　者：叶翠芳 窦立静 杨阳[2] 吴洁[2] 周彬 乔彦杰 李广 欧四海[2] YE Cuifang;DOU Lijing;YANG Yang;WU Jie;ZHOU Bin;QIAO Yanjie;LI Guang;OU Sihai

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第八师石河子市畜牧水产发展服务中心,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2025年第2期99-103,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目(项目编号:2021AA004);兵团指导性科技计划项目(项目编号:2023ZD041);石河子大学青年创新培育人才项目(项目编号:CXPY202209)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究德系弗莱维赫杂交改良高产荷斯坦奶牛不同杂交代不同胎次的产奶性能。试验以德系弗莱维赫牛为父本,高产荷斯坦牛为母本进行杂交,采集杂交试验牛场不同杂交代全血及奶样,运用Admixture技术及奶牛生产性能测定体系(DHI)测定数据,分析弗荷不同杂交代次血统及不同代数各胎次产奶性能。结果显示,弗荷杂交一代牛西门塔尔平均血统占比47.31%,弗荷杂交二代牛西门塔尔平均血统占比81.22%,弗荷杂交三代牛西门塔尔平均血统占比90.04%,纯代牛西门塔尔平均血统占比98.47%。弗荷杂交牛杂一代、杂二代、杂三代、纯代产奶量在2~3胎次时达到峰值,4~8胎次逐渐下降,弗荷杂二代第2胎次奶牛产奶量相对较高,弗荷杂三代第3胎次奶牛产奶量显著高于第4~5胎次(P<0.05);1~3胎次奶牛体细胞数相对较低,显著低于第4~5胎次(P<0.05);乳脂率、尿素氮含量整体随胎次呈现先升高后下降趋势。研究表明,弗荷杂交二代和杂交三代具有较高的产奶性能,可继续杂交或横交固定,从而逐步培育当地特色弗荷新品种。The experiment aimed to explore the milk performance of different crossbred generations and parities of high-yielding Holstein cows improved by crossbreeding with German Fleckvieh.The trial crossbred Holstein cows with German Fleckvieh bulls as sires and high-yielding Holstein cows as dams,collected whole blood and milk samples from different generations of the crossbred experimental herd,and used Admixture technology along with Dairy Herd Improvement(DHI)testing data to analyze the milk production performance of different bloodlines and parities of the Fleckvieh-Holstein crossbreeds.The results showed that the average breed proportion of Simmental in the first generation of Fleckvieh-Holstein crossbred cows was 47.31%,in the second generation it was 81.22%,in the third generation it was 90.04%,and in the purebred it was 98.47%.The milk yield of the first,second,and third generation Fleckvieh-Holstein crossbred cows reached its peak at the 2nd to 3rd parity and gradually declined from the 4th to 8th parity.The second generation crossbred cows had relatively higher milk production in the 2nd parity,and the third generation crossbred cows had significantly higher milk production in the 3rd parity compared to the 4th and 5th parities(P<0.05).The somatic cell count in cows from the 1st to 3rd parities was relatively low,significantly lower than that in the 4th and 5th parities(P<0.05).The milk fat percentage and urea nitrogen content generally showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend with parity.The study indicates that the second and third generations of Fleckvieh-Holstein crossbred cows have higher milk production performance and can continue to be crossbred or interbred to fix the traits,thereby gradually developing a new local characteristic Fleckvieh-Holstein breed.

关 键 词：弗莱维赫牛 荷斯坦奶牛 杂交代 血统 产奶性能 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]