宁夏灌区秋播饲用小黑麦氮肥合理施用量研究  

Study on rational nitrogen fertilizer application rate of autumn-sown forage triticale in Ningxia irrigation area

作　　者：张晓娟[1,2] 李雪雪 徐得甲 李小玉 马耀海 马花 孙权 ZHANG Xiaojuan;LI Xuexue;XU Dejia;LI Xiaoyu;MA Yaohai;MA Hua;SUN Quan

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756009 [3]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《饲料研究》2025年第2期194-199,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(项目编号:2023AAC03441);宁夏大学校地合作科技示范项目(项目编号:NXXDHZ202316)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究宁夏灌区秋播饲用小黑麦氮肥合理施用量。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,设置5个氮肥(纯氮)施用量,分别为N1 (0 kg/hm^(2))、N2 (75 kg/hm^(2))、N3 (150 kg/hm^(2))、N4 (225 kg/hm^(2))和N5(300 kg/hm^(2))处理,每个处理3次重复。小黑麦于2021年10月7日采用精量播种机播种,2022年6月15日收割。结果表明,施氮处理促进了饲用小黑麦在不同生育时期地上部的生长及干物质的积累,且在开花期小黑麦对干物质积累量达到峰值。随着施氮量的增加,各处理小黑麦的株高和干物质积累呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中N4处理表现最好。小黑麦对氮元素的需求量最大,其次为磷和钾元素,随着施氮量的增加,4个器官对磷元素的吸收呈先升高后降低的趋势,且在N4处理的效果较好。随着施氮量的增加,饲用小黑麦鲜、干草产量呈先升高后降低的趋势,且在N4处理最高,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。经肥料效应方程模拟得出,秋播饲用小黑麦最高产量施氮量为274.12 kg/hm^(2),最佳经济效益施氮量为241.33 kg/hm^(2)。研究表明,试验结果可为当地秋播饲用小黑麦科学栽培提供参考。The experiment aimed to investigate the rational nitrogen fertilizer application rate for autumn-sown forage triticale in the Ningxia irrigation area.A single-factor randomized block design was adopted,with five nitrogen(pure N)application treatments:N1(0 kg/hm^(2)),N2(75 kg/hm^(2)),N3(150 kg/hm^(2)),N4(225 kg/hm^(2)),and N5(300 kg/hm²),each replicated three times.Triticale was sown using a precision seeder on October 7,2021,and harvested on June 15,2022.The results showed that nitrogen application promoted aboveground growth and dry matter accumulation at different growth stages,with peak dry matter accumulation occurring at the flowering stage.Plant height and dry matter accumulation initially increased and then decreased with rising nitrogen application,with the N4 treatment performing best.Triticale exhibited the highest demand for nitrogen,followed by phosphorus and potassium.Phosphorus uptake in four plant organs also displayed an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing nitrogen application,achieving optimal results under the N4 treatment.Both fresh and dry forage yields initially increased and then declined with higher nitrogen application,reaching maximum values under the N4 treatment that were significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05).Fertilizer effect equation simulations revealed that the maximum yield nitrogen application rate was 274.12 kg/hm²,while the optimal economic benefit application rate was 241.33 kg/hm².This study indicates that the results can provide scientific references for local cultivation practices of autumn-sown forage triticale.

关 键 词：宁夏灌区 秋播 饲用小黑麦 氮肥 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]