腐熟牛粪在丘陵烟田的碳氮矿化特征及对土壤养分的影响  

Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization Characteristics of Decomposed Cow Dung in Hilly Tobacco Field and Its Effect on Soil Nutrients

作　　者：梁凯粼 王鹏[2] 张馨方 王涛[3] 曾婉莹 刘媛媛 吴勇 陈雨露 李贝贝 叶协锋 LIANG Kailin;WANG Peng;ZHANG Xinfang;WANG Tao;ZENG Wanying;LIU Yuanyuan;WU Yong;CHEN Yulu;LI Beibei;YE Xiefeng(Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation Physiological and Biochemical Research Base/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Wuhan Cigarette Factory,China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430000,China;Qujing Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province,Qujing 655000,Yunnan,China;Raw Material Center,China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,郑州450046 [2]湖北中烟工业有限责任公司武汉卷烟厂,武汉430000 [3]云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司,云南曲靖655000 [4]云南中烟工业有限责任公司原料中心,昆明650000

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2025年第1期7-15,共9页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室项目(No.30800665);湖北中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2023JSYL4WH2C023)。

摘　　要：为明确腐熟牛粪在滇东北丘陵烟田的矿化特征及养分释放规律,以曲靖烟区植烟土壤为研究对象,于2023年采用尼龙网袋田间原位培养法,研究腐熟牛粪施入土壤后在烤烟生育期内有机碳、氮矿化特征及土壤培肥效果。结果表明:(1)腐熟牛粪掩埋后,有机碳前期(0~80 d)矿化速度较快,掩埋80 d时有机碳矿化量占研究期累积矿化量的93.49%;有机氮0~20 d矿化率较低,20 d后快速矿化,掩埋80 d时有机氮矿化量占研究期累积矿化量的91.92%;掩埋80 d后有机碳、氮矿化率均趋于平稳。(2)土壤无机氮中,硝态氮含量远高于铵态氮含量。硝态氮及无机氮含量在掩埋后0~40 d较低,之后快速波动增长,其中腐熟牛粪处理含量始终远高于对照处理。铵态氮在掩埋后0~10 d最高,之后快速下降,60 d后缓慢波动升高,其中牛粪处理铵态氮含量高于对照且波动幅度更大。(3)施入腐熟牛粪后,土壤无机氮、有效磷、速效钾、腐殖酸、胡敏酸和富里酸含量较对照明显提高。(4)腐熟牛粪施入土壤30 d后土壤胡富比上升,腐殖化程度加深,在掩埋后100 d较对照显著提升29.85%。总体来看,腐熟牛粪的施入能有效提升滇东北丘陵烟田土壤氮素含量,促进土壤腐殖酸组分积累,显著改善土壤质量。综合考虑腐熟牛粪碳氮矿化规律和烤烟对养分的需求规律,可在烟苗移栽前30 d施入以满足烤烟“少时富老来贫”的需肥规律。In order to clarify the mineralization characteristics and nutrient release rules of decomposed cow dung in hilly tobacco fields in northeastern Yunnan,taking the tobacco-planting soil in Qujing tobacco-growing area as the research object,the in-situ cultivation method of nylon mesh bag field was used in 2023 to study the mineralization characteristics of organic carbon and nitrogen and the effect of soil fertilization during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco after the application of decomposed cow manure into the soil.Results showed as the follows(1)After burying the decomposed cow dung,the mineralization rate of organic carbon was fast in the early stage(0-80 d),and the amount of organic carbon mineralization accounted for 93.49%of the cumulative mineralization during the study period when buried for 80 d.The mineralization rate of organic nitrogen was low from 0 to 20 days,and it was fast after 20 days.The amount of organic nitrogen mineralization at 80 d accounted for 91.92%of the cumulative mineralization during the study period.After 80 days of burial,the mineralization rates of organic carbon and nitrogen tended to be stable.(2)Forsoil inorganic nitrogen,the content of nitrate nitrogen is much higher than that of ammonium nitrogen.The contents of nitrate nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen were low at 0-40 d after burial,and then increased rapidly.The content of decomposed cow dung treatment was always much higher than that of the control treatment.The content of ammonium nitrogen was the highest in 0-10 d after burial,then decreased rapidly,and increased slowly after 60 d.The content of ammonium nitrogen in cow dung treatment was higher than that in control and the fluctuation range was larger.(3)The contents of soil inorganic nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,humic acid,humic acid and fulvic acid were significantly higher than those of the control.(4)After 30 days of decomposed cow dung application,the soil Hu/Fu ratio increased and the degree of humification deepened,which significantl

关 键 词：腐熟牛粪 矿化特征 土壤培肥 烟田 滇东北 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]