黔南州典型植烟土壤综合肥力评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Fertility of Typical Tobacco-planting Fields in Qiannan Prefecture,Guizhou Prefecture

作　　者：王毅 莫罗艳 丁忠林 李昕建 雷庭 韦兴启 蒙邦勇 卢顺友 陈芝波 李先文 朱英华[2] 李章海[3] 王擎运 WANG Yi;MO Luoyan;DING Zhonglin;LI Xinjian;LEI Ting;WEI Xingqi;MENG Bangyong;LU Shunyou;CHEN Zhibo;LI Xianwen;ZHU Yinghua;LI Zhanghai;WANG Qingyun(Qiannan Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Qiannan 558000,Guizhou,China;Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230041,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司,贵州黔南558000 [2]安徽农业大学,合肥230036 [3]中国科学技术大学,合肥230041

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2025年第1期24-32,共9页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司科技项目(2022-522700-2-4-0001);中国烟草总公司重大科技专项(110202102038)。

摘　　要：为综合科学评价贵州省黔南州典型植烟土壤肥力,分析土壤存在的问题,指导合理施肥和土壤改良,以黔南州的福泉市、龙里县、贵定县、长顺县、惠水县、平塘县和罗甸县7个主要植烟区为研究对象,选择193个典型烟田,采集0~20 cm耕层土壤样品,测定pH、有机质(OM)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、交换性钙(ECa)、镁(EMg)、有效硼(AB)、砂粒(SAN,0.05~2 mm)、粉粒(SIL,0.002~0.05 mm)、黏粒(CLA,<0.002 mm)等11个肥力指标,采用主成分分析确定各肥力指标的权重,结合指标隶属函数,计算土壤综合肥力指数(IFI)。结果表明,黔南州植烟土壤pH、OM、ECa、SAN、SIL、CLA含量整体处于烤烟生长的适宜区间,AN和EMg含量则处于偏高区间,AP和AK含量区域分布差异性较大,土壤AB含量平均为0.11 mg/kg,整体呈严重亏缺状态;植烟土壤IFI平均为0.57分,整体处于综合肥力的中等区间,区域IFI整体处于中等,罗甸县植烟土壤IFI最低,为0.41分。综合来看,黔南州植烟土壤肥力能满足优质烟叶生产的需求,不同烟区应依据自身肥力特点进行合理施肥和土壤改良,整个烟区需要增施硼肥,罗甸北部植烟区需要增施钾肥。In order to comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the fertility of typical tobacco-growing soils in Qiannan Prefecture,Guizhou Province,we analyzed the existing problems of soils,and guided reasonable fertilization and soil improvement.Seven major tobacco-growing areas in Qiannan Prefecture,including Fuquan City,Longli County,Guiding County,Changshun County,Huishui County,Pingtang County and Luodian County,were selected as the research objects.A total of 193 soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm plough layers of typical tobacco fields.Eleven fertility indices were measured,including pH,organic matter(OM),alkaline nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),exchangeable calcium(ECa),magnesium(EMg),available boron(AB),sand(SAN,0.05-2 mm),silt(SIL,0.002-0.05 mm),and clay(CLA,<0.002 mm).Principal component analysis was used to determine the weight of each fertility index,and the soil comprehensive fertility index(IFI)was calculated by combining the index membership function.The results showed that the pH,OM,ECa,SAN,SIL,and CLA contents of tobacco-growing soils in Qiannan Prefecture are generally in the suitable range for flue-cured tobacco growth,while the AN and EMg contents are in the high range.The regional distribution of AP and AK contents varies greatly.The average soil AB content is 0.11 mg/kg,which is in a serious deficiency state.The average IFI of tobacco-growing soils is 0.57 points,which is in the medium range of comprehensive fertility.The regional IFI is in the medium range as a whole.The IFI of tobacco-growing soils in Luodian County is the lowest,which is 0.41 points.In general,the fertility of tobacco-growing soils in Qiannan Prefecture can meet the demands of high-quality tobacco leaf production.Different tobacco-growing areas should carry out reasonable fertilization and soil improvement according to their own fertility characteristics.The entire tobacco-growing areas need to increase the application of boron fertilizers,and the tobaccogrowing areas in northern Luodian ne

关 键 词：烟田 黔南州 土壤肥力 综合评价 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]