北京门头沟区“23·7”特大暴雨诱发地质灾害特征及分布规律研究  

Study on the characteristics and distribution patterns of geological hazards induced by the"23·7"extreme heavy rainstorm in Mentougou District of Beijing City

作　　者：郭英 申健 刘晓晓 周亮 石向菲 王聪毅 GUO Ying;SHEN Jian;LIU Xiaoxiao;ZHOU Liang;SHI Xiangfei;WANG Congyi(Beijing Harzard of Geological Disaster Prevention,Beijing 100120)

机构地区：[1]北京市地质灾害防治研究所,北京100120

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2025年第3期39-45,共7页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：北京市委托专项课题(11000022T000000439462);北京市委托专项课题(11000023T000002059415)。

摘　　要：2023年7月29日至8月2日,北京门头沟区遭遇极端强降雨,诱发了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和地面塌陷。基于灾后排查结果,分析了地质灾害与高程、地形起伏度、坡向、地层岩性、断裂构造的分布关系,得到了门头沟区地质灾害特征,并对地质灾害事件与降雨关系进行分析。结果表明,北京门头沟区“23·7”特大暴雨诱发地质灾害具有群发性强、类型多、规模小、威胁对象类型多、灾情严重的特征;0~800 m高程范围、50~200 m地形起伏度区段、东向至西南向坡为地质灾害较发育区域;侏罗系地层中地质灾害最为发育,占灾害事件总数的42.64%;地质灾害数量与降雨呈正相关,降雨量越大,地质灾害群发程度越强,降雨强度为影响地质灾害发生的关键因素。From July 29 to August 2 in 2023,Mentougou District in Beijing City encountered extreme heavy rainfall,which induced geological disasters such as hilly collapse,landslide,debris flow and ground collapse.Based on the results of postdisaster investigation,the characteristics of geological disasters in Mentougou district are obtained,the distribution relationship between geological disaster events and elevation,topographic fluctuation,slope aspect,stratigraphic lithology and fault structure is analyzed,and the relationship between geological disaster events and rainfall is discussed.The analysis results show that the geological disasters induced by the"23·7"extraordinarily heavy rainstorm have the characteristics of strong group occurrence,multiple types,small scale,multiple types of threat objects and serious disasters,geological hazards are more developed in the 0~800 m elevation range,50~200 m topographic relief section,and eastward to southwestward slopes;geological hazards are most developed in the Jurassic strata,accounting for 42.64%of the total number of disaster events;The number of geologic hazards is positively correlated with rainfall,and the greater the rainfall,the stronger the degree of occurrence of geological hazards,and the rainfall intensity is the key factor affecting the occurrence of geological hazards.

关 键 词：地质灾害 特征 分布规律 “23·7”特大暴雨 北京 门头沟区 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]