光面爆破在高瓦斯弱围岩隧道中的应用研究  

Research on the application of smooth blasting in high-gas weak surrounding rock tunnels

作　　者：秦粮凯 饶丹 成蕾 向柏霖 Qin Liangkai;Rao Dan;Cheng Lei;Xiang Bailin(Chengdu Construction Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu Sichuan 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]成都建工集团有限公司,四川成都610000

出　　处：《山西建筑》2025年第8期119-122,132,共5页Shanxi Architecture

基　　金：成都建工集团有限公司二级课题:浅埋偏压隧道开挖爆破与监控技术研究(课题编号:CDCEG-2020-C-004)。

摘　　要：光面爆破技术作为一种成熟的隧道爆破方法,能够有效减少超挖现象,降低爆破对围岩的破坏,并提高工作面和围岩的稳定性。在高瓦斯隧道中,光面爆破面临着与常规情况不同的挑战,包括受到瓦斯影响而导致爆破器材选择受限、需要克服雷管段位少、延期时间短等不利因素。为此采用掌子面掏槽钻爆技术,结合围岩地质情况和现场爆破试验制定钻爆参数,通过构建“十”字分区混联起爆网路,有效降低了爆破对围岩的干扰,确保了隧道拱顶围岩的完整,提升了隧道施工的质量。该方法在龙泉山隧道中的应用,不仅从根本上解决了大断面隧道超挖过多的问题,还取得了显著的经济效益,节约混凝土方量近7800 m^(3)和炸药质量178t。Smooth blasting technology,as a mature tunnel blasting method,can effectively reduce over-excavation phenomena,reduce the damage to surrounding rocks caused by blasting,and improve the stability of the working face and surrounding rocks.In high-gas tunnels,smooth blasting faces challenges different from conventional situations,including limited selection of blasting equipment due to gas influence,the need to overcome the shortage of detonator sections,short delay time,and other unfavorable factors.To address this,the controlled blasting method of slot drilling on the wall surface is used.By combining the geological conditions of the surrounding rock and on-site blasting experiments to establish drilling and blasting parameters,and constructing a“cross”zone mixed-initiation blasting network,the interference of blasting on the surrounding rock is effectively reduced,ensuring the integrity of the tunnel arch surrounding rock and improving the quality of tunnel construction.The application of this method in the Longquanshan Tunnel not only fundamentally solves the problem of excessive over-excavation in large-section tunnels but also achieves significant economic benefits,saving nearly 7800 m^(3) of concrete volume and 178 t of explosives.

关 键 词：光面爆破 高瓦斯 弱围岩 隧道超挖 

分 类 号：TU997[建筑科学—市政工程] U455.6[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]