屋顶菜园对建筑热环境与人体热舒适度的影响  

Impact of Rooftop Vegetable Gardens on Building Thermal Environment and Human Thermal Comfort

作　　者：王蔚兰 赵颖 王旭 WANG Weilan;ZHAOYing;WANG Xu(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口5570228

出　　处：《建筑科学》2025年第2期110-118,共9页Building Science

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划“自贸港背景下海南城市园艺的发展模式与探索”(ZDYF2022SHFZ061);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目“热带地区屋顶菜园与夏季屋顶热环境互作研究”(321RC1032)。

摘　　要：为探究热带地区屋顶水培菜园对建筑顶层空间的热环境和人体热舒适度的影响,在海南省海口市美兰区一屋顶新建管道水培菜园,实测空气温度、空气相对湿度、平均辐射温度等数据,比较不同屋顶对封闭室内环境的影响,并利用预计平均热感觉指数(PMV)对热舒适度进行评价。结果显示:在太阳直射强烈的正午时段屋顶菜园教室的室内气温与无遮蔽教室差异不显著,空气相对湿度显著高于无遮蔽教室,屋顶菜园教室的室内PMV值显著低于无遮蔽教室;屋顶菜园的屋面温度和室内天花板温度显著低于无遮蔽,两者温差分别为13.06℃和3.92℃。阴雨天屋顶菜园教室的室内平均气温与无遮蔽教室无显著差异;屋顶菜园在连晴无雨的天气下具有一定的隔热保湿的作用,改善了建筑热环境。建造屋顶菜园是一种生态节能、提升居民热舒适度、丰富城市绿化景观和补充城市农产品供应的有效途径,可在城市建设中进行推广。To explore the impact of rooftop hydroponic vegetable gardens in tropical regions on the thermal environment and human thermal comfort in the top floor space of buildings, a new pipeline hydroponic vegetable garden was constructed on the roof of a building in Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan province. Data such as air temperature, relative humidity, and average radiation temperature were measured to compare the effects of different roofs on enclosed indoor environments, and Predicted Mean Vote(PMV) was used to evaluate thermal comfort. Results showed that during the midday period with strong direct sunlight, there was no significant difference in the indoor temperature between the rooftop vegetable garden classroom and the uncovered classroom, the relative humidity is significantly higher than that of uncovered classrooms, and the indoor PMV value of the rooftop vegetable garden classroom is significantly lower than that of the uncovered classroom;the roof temperature and indoor ceiling temperature of the rooftop vegetable garden were significantly lower than those without shading, with an average temperature difference of 13.06 ℃ and 3.92 ℃. The average indoor temperature of the rooftop vegetable garden classroom during the rainy and cloudy test periods did not differ greatly from that of the uncovered classroom;the rooftop vegetable garden had certain effects of thermal insulation and moisturization on continuous sunny days without rain, which improved the thermal environment of the building to a certain extent. Building rooftop vegetable gardens is an effective way to conserve energy, enhance residents' thermal comfort, enrich urban green landscapes, and supplement the supply of urban agricultural products, which can be promoted in urban construction.

关 键 词：屋顶农业 屋顶绿化 热环境 热舒适度 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] S731.2[农业科学—林学]