艾条和香烟燃烧及模拟抽吸香烟释放的甲醛散发特征与健康风险  

Emission Characteristics and Health Risks of Formaldehyde from the Burning of Moxa Sticks and Cigarettes and Simulated Smoking

作　　者：张金萍 王亚婷 姚明俊 谢晓雪 ZHANG Jinping;WANG Yating;YAO Mingjun;XIE Xiaoxue(School of Environment and Energy Engineering,Bejing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Bejing 100044,China;Key Laboratory of HVAC,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京市“供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程”重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《建筑科学》2025年第2期157-166,202,共11页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“室内香烛燃烧产生的多环芳烃的散发特征、分配规律及暴露风险”(51378043)。

摘　　要：艾条和香烟燃烧及抽吸香烟会释放甲醛等污染物。故研究艾条和香烟燃烧及模拟抽吸香烟释放的甲醛散发特征对改善室内艾灸和香烟引起的烟气污染有理论和应用价值。选取6种艾条、3种艾柱和6种香烟为研究对象,在8 m^(3)的洁净环境舱内对一定量的艾条、艾柱和香烟进行燃烧以及模拟抽吸香烟试验,通过测试得到各种物质燃烧或模拟抽吸产生的烟气中的甲醛峰值浓度,然后基于污染物质量平衡方程确定甲醛的散发速率和散发因子,最后通过各种物质的散发特征量利用平衡方程预测房间在开窗和关窗下定量的艾条和香烟燃烧及模拟抽吸香烟产生的烟气中的甲醛浓度及健康风险。结果表明:1)提纯比例高的艾条和艾柱,其燃烧释放的甲醛峰值浓度较低。含糖量较高的香烟燃烧和模拟抽吸释放的甲醛峰值浓度相对较高;2)艾条燃烧产生的甲醛的散发速率和散发因子分别为38.688~47.570 mg/(h·g)和2.263~3.778 mg/(g·moxa),低于艾柱的甲醛散发速率98.420~102.130 mg/(h·g)和散发因子5.254~7.243 mg/(g·moxa);3)香烟燃烧产生的甲醛散发速率为4.216~10.005 mg/(h·支),低于模拟抽吸香烟的5.772~14.880 mg/(h·支),而燃烧产生的散发因子1.555~2.924 mg/(g·支)高于模拟抽吸散发因子1.011~2.590 mg/(g·支);4)艾绒提纯比例与甲醛散发因子呈现出负相关,添加成分和储存年份也会影响甲醛的散发特征值;而香烟的甲醛散发特征值与烟叶材料、烟丝含糖量、制作工艺和化学添加剂有关;5)在30 m^(3)房间中预测的燃烧艾条和香烟及模拟抽吸香烟释放的甲醛浓度及健康风险显示出,长期艾灸引起的甲醛致癌风险甚至比吸烟高,通过增加房间体积和室内通风换气次数等,可显著减少室内艾灸和香烟对人体健康的影响。Pollutants such as formaldehyde can be produced by burning moxa sticks and cigarettes as well as smoking. Therefore, studying the emission characteristics of formaldehyde from burning moxa sticks and cigarettes as well as simulated smoking is of theoretical and practical value to mitigating the smoke pollution caused by moxibustion and cigarettes indoors. After selecting six types of moxa sticks, three types of moxa columns and six types of cigarettes as research objects, an experiment was carried out with a certain quantity of burned moxa sticks, moxa columns, cigarettes, and simulated smoking cigarettes in an 8 m^(3) cabin with a clean environment, respectively. The peak concentration of formaldehyde in the smoke produced by the combustion of various substances or simulated smoking cigarettes was obtained separately through testing. Subsequently, the rate and factor of emission of formaldehyde were determined based on the pollutant mass balance equation. Finally, the formaldehyde concentrations and health risks in the smoke from the burning of quantified moxa sticks and cigarettes, as well as simulated smoking cigarettes, in the room with both open and closed windows, were predicted by the emission characteristic parameters of various substances based on the mass balance equation. The results showed that: 1) The peak concentration of formaldehyde released by burning moxa sticks and moxa columns with high purification ratios was relatively low, whereas the peak concentration of formaldehyde released by burning and simulated smoking of cigarettes with high sugar content was relatively high. 2) The emission rates of formaldehyde and the emission factors of burning moxa sticks were 38.688~47.570 mg/(h·g) and 2.263~3.778 mg/(g·moxa), lower than those of moxa columns, which were 98.420~102.130 mg/(h·g) and 5.254~7.243 mg/(g·moxa), respectively. 3) The emission rates of formaldehyde from cigarette burning of 4.216~10.005 mg/(h·cig) were lower than those from simulated smoking of 5.772~14.880 mg/(h·cig). However,

关 键 词：艾条 香烟 甲醛 散发特征 浓度预测 健康风险 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]