长距离输水工程竖井式高位水池水力特性研究  

Research on hydraulic characteristics of a vertical drop shaft in long-distance water conveyance projects

作　　者：刘达[1,2] 黄本胜[1,2] 李明 张建民[3] 张力方 邱静[1,2] LIU Da;HUANG Bensheng;LI Ming;ZHANG Jianmin;ZHANG Lifang;QIU Jing(Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Guangzhou 510635,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics Research,Guangzhou 510635,China;Sichuan University State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省水利水电科学研究院,广东广州510635 [2]广东省水动力学应用研究重点实验室,广东广州510635 [3]四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《水利学报》2025年第2期159-169,180,共12页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：广东省科技创新战略专项资金科研项目(gdsky2023-03);珠江三角洲水资源配置工程首批科研项目(WW2018230)。

摘　　要：鲤鱼洲竖井式高位水池位于珠江三角洲水资源配置工程输水干线的起点,其承担着水流消能衔接和提供输水水头的作用。当高位水池内出现自由跌流时,竖井内易出现水流掺气,增加下游输水管道进气的风险。为此开展了1∶10比尺的物理模型试验和数值模拟分析,研究高位水池内的水流掺气规律和水流流态,同时结合气泡运动过程分析推导了掺气影响范围长度的半理论半经验公式,并在此基础上提出减少水流掺气的工程措施。研究结果表明,在自由跌流的作用下,高位水池内水体存在掺气区、过渡区和低扰动区的明显分层,掺气浓度在掺气区与低扰动区基本不随水深的变化而变化,在过渡区随水深增加而减小。掺气范围大小主要与跌流流量、水流落差、竖井水体速度、溢流堰直径等因素有关。受工程条件的限制,鲤鱼洲高位水池的水流落差无法改变,因而采取扩大竖井直径1.63倍与增设分流管的措施,结构优化后,竖井内掺气影响范围长度以及掺气浓度明显减小。The Liyuzhou Drop Shaft is located at the starting point of the water conveyance trunk line of the Water Resource Allocation Project in the Pearl River Delta.It plays a dual role in dissipating energy of plunging jet flows,as well as providing the head for water conveyance.When water plunges into the shaft,air entrainment is likely to occur,which increases the risk of air intake in the downstream water conveyance pipeline.To address this issue,physical modeling at a scale of 1∶10 and numerical simulation analysis were conducted to study the air entrainment patterns and the hydraulic characteristics of the flow in the Liyuzhou Drop Shaft.Based on the analysis of bubble motion,a semi-empirical formula was derived to calculate the maximum penetrating depth of the bubbles.Measures to reduce air entrainment in the shaft were also proposed.The study shows that under the action of plunging jet flows,the water body in the Liyuzhou Drop Shaft is stratified with an air-entraining zone,a transition zone and a low-disturbance zone.And only in the transition zone does the air entrainment concentration vary with the change in water depth.The extent of air entrainment is mainly related to factors such as the falling flow discharge,the drop height,the water velocity in the shaft and the overflow weir diameter.After taking measures of increasing the diameter of the vertical shaft by 1.63 times and adding a bypass pipe,the extent of air entrainment and the aeration concentration were significantly reduced in the Liyuzhou Drop Shaft.

关 键 词：竖井 跌水 水流掺气 物理模型试验 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV131.61[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]