末级渠道测控闸门自由出流流量模型试验研究  

Experimental study on free discharge flow model of measurement-control sluice gate at the outlets of terminal irrigation channels

作　　者：刘恬恬 吴文勇[1] 胡雅琪 李子明 LIU Tiantian;WU Wenyong;HU Yaqi;LI Ziming(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《水利学报》2025年第2期253-265,共13页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题项目(2022YFD1900804)。

摘　　要：当前农业灌溉末级渠道出口无测流设备或者设备精度偏低,获得的出口流量误差较大,以致难以实现渠系的智能配水任务。为此研制开发了一套可以精确测量末级渠道出口流量的测控闸门设备。本文分析了测控闸门的水力特性,并对测控闸门不同开度e下的流态进行了辨识,之后基于布金汉(Buckingham)定理和最小二乘法,建立了闸门结构测流模型,最后对模型精度进行了分析评价。研究结果表明:测控闸门相对开度较高时,过闸水流为堰流,反之为孔流,两者流态转变的阈值临界相对开度(e H)c为1.033;根据测控闸门不同开度所构建的闸门测流结构的流量计算模型的相对误差平均值为4.7%,比矩形薄壁堰测流公式的计算精度平均提高26.3%,孔流模型误差小于2.9%;测控闸门的e H_(c)>0.14时,为大孔口出流,孔口流量系数为0.7;反之为小孔口出流,孔口流量系数为0.846。研究成果可为末级渠道智能闸门流量监控技术的精度提升提供借鉴。Currently,the lack of flow measurement equipment or the low precision of existing devices at the outlets of terminal agricultural irrigation channels results in significant errors in obtaining outlet flow rates,making it difficult to achieve intelligent water distribution tasks in canal systems.Therefore,a set of measurement-control gate equipment that can accurately measure the outlet flow of the final channel is developed.To achieve accurate monitoring of the flow through the gate structure,this paper analyzes the hydraulic characteristics of the measurement-control gate and identifies the flow pattern at different openings(e)of the gate.Then,based on the Buckingham theorem and the least square method,the flow measurement model of the gate structure is established.Finally,the accuracy of the model is analyzed and evaluated.The results show that when the relative opening of the measurement-control gate is relatively high,the flow through the gate is weir flow,and vice versa,it is orifice flow.The critical relative opening(e H)c of the critical relative opening of the two flow patterns is 1.033.The average relative error of the discharge calculation model constructed for different gate openings is 4.7%,which is 26.3%more accurate than the flow measurement equation for rectangular thin-plate weirs.The error of the orifice flow model is less than 2.9%.When e H c>0.14,the flow is classified as a large orifice flow with a discharge coefficient of 0.7,otherwise,it is a small orifice flow with a discharge coefficient of 0.846.The research results can provide a reference for the accuracy improvement of the intelligent gate flow monitoring technology of the irrigation channel.

关 键 词：测控闸门 流量系数 量纲分析 精度评价 末级渠道量水 

分 类 号：TV698.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]