区块链分片技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Blockchain Sharding Technology

作　　者：唐海波 张焕 张召 金澈清 周傲英 TANG Hai-Bo;ZHANG Huan;ZHANG Zhao;JIN Che-Qing;ZHOU Ao-Ying(Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Data Management(East China Normal University),Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200062,China;School of Data Science and Engineering,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]区块链数据管理教育部工程研究中心(华东师范大学),上海200062 [2]华东师范大学数据科学与工程学院,上海200062

出　　处：《软件学报》2025年第3期1040-1064,共25页Journal of Software

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2700100);上海市优秀学术/技术带头人计划(23XD1401100)。

摘　　要：云原生数据库基于云基础设施提供高可用、可弹性伸缩的数据管理,近年来得到了快速发展.区块链作为一种透明、防篡改、可追溯的数据库系统,其中区块链分片是对区块链系统进行扩容的最直接且最有潜力的方案,利用云基础设施的弹性伸缩特点可以实现更灵活的扩缩容.首先总结当前区块链分片解决的3个关键技术问题:节点划分的安全性、高效链上数据分片以及跨片交易处理,分别梳理这3个问题的研究现状,对每个问题下相应的方案进行介绍和对比,也讨论了将这些方案运用在云原生环境下面临的新挑战.随后,围绕这3个维度,从对区块链系统整体影响的角度,对所有方案进行全面的分析和对比.最后,分析区块链分片技术发展趋势,指出几个值得进一步探索的研究方向.Cloud-native databases leverage cloud infrastructure to provide highly available and elastically scalable data management,and they have experienced rapid development in recent years.As a transparent,tamper-proof,and traceable database system,blockchain sharding is the most direct and promising solution for scaling up blockchain systems.By taking advantage of the elastic scalability of cloud infrastructure,more flexible scaling can be achieved.This study first summarizes three key technical challenges addressed by current blockchain sharding:the security of node partitioning,efficient on-chain data sharding,and cross-shard transaction processing.It reviews the research status of these three issues,introduces and compares the corresponding solutions for each issue,and also discusses the new challenges these solutions face in cloud-native environments.Then,around these three dimensions,a comprehensive analysis and comparison of all solutions are conducted from the perspective of the overall impact on the blockchain system.Finally,the paper analyzes the development trends in blockchain sharding technology and points out several research directions that deserve further exploration.

关 键 词：区块链 分片技术 共识机制 可扩展性 

分 类 号：TP311[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]