ChannelLink:基于链下状态通道的跨片状态迁移协议  

ChannelLink:Cross-shard State Transition Protocol Based on Off-chain State Channel

作　　者：贾林鹏 孙毅[1,2] JIA Lin-Peng;SUN Yi(Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Computer Science and Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院计算技术研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院,北京100049

出　　处：《软件学报》2025年第3期1327-1354,共28页Journal of Software

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2700301);国家自然科学基金(U22B2032)。

摘　　要：跨片状态迁移协议是保证跨片交易处理原子性的基础,其效率高低将直接影响分片系统性能.现有协议处理过程可以分为源分片状态迁出、片间状态传输和目的分片状态迁入这3个阶段,各阶段依次执行、紧密绑定.利用链下状态通道灵活度高、即时确认的特点,提出了ChannelLink跨片状态迁移协议,将现有协议中紧密耦合的三阶段处理过程解耦,有效降低了跨片交易平均开销,提升了状态迁移效率.基于此,设计了一种低开销链下通道路由算法.该算法基于状态迁移交易与链下通道拓扑等特征,通过改进遗传算法,求解最优状态路由方案,兼顾迁移效率的同时,降低了用户跨片状态迁移开销.最后,实现了ChannelLink协议原型系统,并基于比特币交易以及闪电网络状态信息构造数据集进行实验验证.实验结果表明,该协议在16个分片、跨片交易比例为5.21%的场景下,分片系统吞吐量提升7.04%,交易确认延迟降低52.51%,跨片状态迁移开销下降45.44%以上,并且随着分片数量与跨片交易比例的上升,该协议的性能优势逐步扩大.The cross-shard state transition protocol is the basis for ensuring the atomicity of cross-shard transactions,and its efficiency directly affects the performance of the sharding system.The cross-transaction process of the existing protocols can be divided into three phases:source-shard state move-out,cross-shard state transition,and destination-shard state move-in.These phases are executed sequentially,and all phases are tightly coupled.This paper proposes the ChannelLink cross-shard state transition protocol based on the offchain state channel.Since the off-chain channels are highly flexible and can be confirmed instantly,the ChannelLink protocol can effectively decouple the tightly coupled three-phase process,reducing the average cost of cross-shard transactions,and improving state transition efficiency.On this basis,this paper designs a low-overhead off-chain channel routing algorithm.This algorithm solves the optimal state routing scheme by improving the genetic algorithm based on the characteristics of state transition transactions and off-chain channel topology.It reduces the user’s cross-shard state transition overhead and guarantees transition efficiency.Finally,this paper implements the ChannelLink protocol prototype system and uses Bitcoin transactions and the Lightning Network state to construct the dataset for experimental verification.Results show that in a scenario with 16 shards and a cross-shard transaction ratio of 5.21%,the sharding system integrated with the ChannelLink protocol can improve the throughput by 7.04%,reduce the transaction confirmation latency by 52.51%,and reduce the cost of cross-shard state transition by more than 45.44%.Meanwhile,the performance advantages of the ChannelLink protocol gradually increase as the number of shards and the cross-shard transaction ratio increase.

关 键 词：区块链 分片 状态迁移 状态通道 路由算法 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]