呼吸道感染患儿痰培养病原菌分布与耐药性特征  

Distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in sputum culture of children with respiratory tract infections

作　　者：揭旭辉 彭定华[1] 段春蓉 JIE Xuhui;PENG Dinghua;DUAN Chunrong(Department of Pediatrics,Nanfeng County People's Hospital,Fuzhou Jiangxi 344000,China)

机构地区：[1]南丰县人民医院儿科,江西抚州344000

出　　处：《天津药学》2025年第2期210-213,共4页Tianjin Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的 探讨呼吸道感染患儿痰培养病原菌分布与耐药性特征。方法 选取呼吸道感染患儿617例为研究对象,均为南丰县人民医院2023年12月至2024年12月收治,均采集痰液标本送检,行病原菌培养及药敏试验。统计病原菌分布特征及对抗菌药物敏感性及耐药性。结果 617例呼吸道感染患儿痰液标本共培养阳性124例,阳性率为20.10%(124/617);其中124例阳性患儿中共培养出病原菌129株,其中革兰阴性菌98株(75.97%),占比最高;其次为革兰阳性菌31株(24.03%);主要革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南敏感性最高,均>90.00%;对头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、苯唑西林等耐药性较高,均>30.00%;主要革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺敏感性均为100.00%;对青霉素、庆大霉素、红霉素等耐药性较高,均>50.00%。结论 革兰阴性菌为呼吸道感染患儿痰液标本检出主要病原菌,且对不同药物的敏感性存在差异,需结合药敏结果用药,实现针对性治疗,促进感染消退。Objective To explore the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in sputum culture of children with respiratory tract infections.Methods A total of 617 cases of children with respiratory tract infection in Nanfeng County People's Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected as the research object,and sputum samples were collected for examination,pathogen culture and drug sensitivity test.The distribution characteristics,antimicrobial susceptibility and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.Results A total of 124 sputum samples from 617 children with respiratory tract infection were pos-itive,and the positive rate was 20.10%(124/617).A total of 129 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 124 positive chil-dren,including 98 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(75.97%),accounting for the highest proportion.The next was 31 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(24.03%).The main Gram-negative bacteria had the highest sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem,both of which were more than 90.00%.The drug resistance to cefotaxime,ceftazidime,0xacillin and other drugs was higher than 30.00%.The sensitivity of the main Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin and linezolid was the highest(100.00%).The drug resistance to penicllin,gentamicin,erythromycin and other drugs was higher than 50.00%.Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens detected in sputum samples of children with respiratory tract infections,and there are differences in sensitivity to different drugs.It is necessary to combine drug sensitivity results with medication to achieve targeted treatment and promote infection resolution.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 痰液标本 病原菌 抗菌药物耐药性 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]