皖派宗师戴震《方言疏证》音转研究  

A Study of Sound-Shift in Dai Zhen's Fang Yan Shu Zheng

作　　者：徐玲英[1] 张思琦 XU Lingying;ZHANG Siqi

机构地区：[1]安徽大学学报编辑部,安徽合肥230039 [2]安徽大学文学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《淮南师范学院学报》2025年第1期105-110,116,共7页Journal of Huainan Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“戴震学术成就及其对皖派朴学的引领”(20FZXB044)。

摘　　要：戴震充分认识到时间、空间对于语音的重大影响,以及《方言》对治经的重要性而精心研究《方言》,历时近二十年写就《方言疏证》。《方言疏证》彰显了戴震的历史语言思想和音转理论。通过全面分析《方言疏证》中声转材料发现,声转中正转占据绝对优势,正转和变转构成了声转的基石。通过对变转实例的分析可知,戴震已经初步发现了“古无舌上音”“照三归端”“喻四归定”“照二归精”等基本语音规律。通过全面分析《方言疏证》中韵转材料,我们可以发现,韵转中正转也占据绝对优势,旁转之例较少。从韵转实例可以看出,戴震早年支、之、脂三部不分的分韵特点,展示了戴震对古音分部的不断探索和修正。戴震音转理论呈现出声转、韵转互为表里的系统性特征。Dai Zhen fully recognized the significant influence of time and space on pronunciation and the importance of the Dialect to the classical Studiesthe,and carefully studied the Dialect,writing the Fang Yan Shu Zheng over a period of nearly twenty years.Fang Yan Shu Zheng highlights Dai Zhen's historical linguistic thought and theory of phonetic transitions.Through a comprehensive analysis of the various types of phonetic transitions in Fang Yan Shu Zheng,the implicit characteristics and laws of Dai's phonetic transitions are discovered.This is mainly manifested in the fact that Dai Zhen had already recognized the basic phonetic laws such as"no tongue sound in ancient times""Zhaosan belong to the Duan""Yusi belong to Ding""Zhaoer belong to the Jing"and so on.By comprehensively analyzing the rhyming materials in Fang Yan Shu Zheng,we can find that the positive rhyming also occupies an absolute dominant position,and there are fewer instances of marginal rhyming.From the examples of rhyme transitions,we can see that Dai Zhen's early years were characterized by the indistinguishable rhyme divisions of Zhi(支),Zhi(之),and Zhi(脂),which demonstrated Dai Zhen's continuous exploration and revision of the ancient sound divisions:Dai Zhen's theory of phonetic conversion presents a systematic feature of initials conversion and rhyme conversion mutually reinforcing each other.

关 键 词：戴震 音转 《方言疏证》 声转 韵转 

分 类 号：H02[语言文字—语言学]