藻类多样性和生物岩溶作用研究进展  

Research progress on algal diversity and their role in biogenic karstiffcation

作　　者：赵家伟 熊康宁 晏妮 ZHAO Jiawei;XIONG Kangning;YAN Ni(School of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;State Engineering Technology Institute For Karst Desertiffcation Control,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵阳550001 [2]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2025年第1期143-160,共18页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般220);贵州省科技计划重大专项(黔科合平台人才[2017]5411号);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502607)资助。

摘　　要：藻类作为岩石裸露区植物演替的先锋物种,通过岩溶作用富集营养元素改善小生境,促进群落演替,对维持喀斯特生态系统稳定与发展具有重要意义.从藻类生物溶蚀作用和沉积作用的角度出发,系统综述藻类岩溶作用机理、功能性状及其与环境间互作机制的研究成果,并提出相关的关键科学问题研究建议.藻类通过钻孔、干枯蜷缩、复水膨胀等机械作用以及生长代谢过程中产生的酸性物质破坏岩石表面的胶结颗粒、矿物晶体结构来塑造溶蚀微型态,促进碳酸盐岩成土.藻类通过自身的形态结构以及生长过程中产生的代谢物质等促进碳酸钙的沉淀、塑造岩溶地貌.藻类生物岩溶作用强度与功能性状、生境等密切相关.藻类生物岩溶作用过程缓慢,因此需要进行长时间的监测,并借助先进的科学实验手段,加强对藻类环境适应性特征及生物多样性维持机制,藻类生物控型作用的范畴和机制,藻类代谢产物对岩溶动力系统的驱动作用和机理,藻类生理机能和生物岩溶强度之间的关系以及藻类岩溶作用与环境的风化协同关系等方面的研究.(图4表2参177)Algae,which serve as pioneering species in the ecological succession of rock-exposed areas,play a crucial role in nutrient enrichment via karstification,thereby improving microhabitats and facilitating community succession.This is instrumental for sustaining the stability and evolution of karst ecosystems.In this study,we employed a systematic literature review to elucidate the mechanisms of biogenic algal dissolution and sedimentation.It revisits and synthesizes findings on karstification mechanisms driven by algae,their functional traits,and their interactive mechanisms with the environment,while offering insights into pertinent scientific queries.This review delineates how algae contribute to the formation of dissolution microfeatures and the transformation of carbonate rocks into soil.This is achieved through mechanical actions,such as boring,desiccation followed by curling,and subsequent rehydration and expansion,and the acidic by-products of their metabolic activities,which disintegrate the cemented particles and mineral crystal structures of the rock.Furthermore,algae facilitate the precipitation of calcium carbonate and the sculpting of karst landscapes through their morphological structures and metabolites produced throughout their growth.The efffcacy of algal biokarst processes is intrinsically linked to functional plant traits and habitats.Given the slow nature of algal biokarst activities,extended monitoring and advanced experimental techniques are imperative to deepen our understanding of the adaptability of algae,biodiversity conservation mechanisms,scope and mechanisms of algal biocontrol actions,impact of algal metabolites on karst dynamics,correlation between algal physiological functions and biokarst intensity,and cooperative relationship between algal karstification and environmental weathering.

关 键 词：藻类 岩溶作用 石漠化 生态修复 互作机制 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学] P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学] X171.1[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]