调峰燃气发电机组碳排放核算方法的适用性验证及优化路径探讨  

Verification of carbon emission accounting methods for peak shaving gas power generation units and exploration of optimization paths

作　　者：杨仕轩 于扬 李阳 吴早亮 依力牙尔江·阿里木江 葛苏鞍 YANG Shixuan;YU Yang;LI Yang;WU Zaoliang;ALIMUJIANG Yiliyaerjiang;GE Suan(Xinjiang Oilfield Company Experimental Testing Research Institute of China National Petroleum Corporation,Kelamayi 834000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院,克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第1期201-213,共13页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：双碳背景下,大规模清洁能源接入使电力生产方式从以化石能源为基础的集中式电力系统向以可再生电力为主的集中与分布结合的新型电力系统转变,电力系统呈现高比例可再生能源和高比例电力电子设备的“双高”特性,火电机组灵活调峰需求快速上升,非稳态运行周期急剧增长,烟道流场均匀性降低,固定源碳排放监测难度加剧,实测法适用性降低。选取新疆维吾尔自治区某燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组(gas turbine combined-cycle,GTCC)2023年机组生产运行参数、锅炉烟气参数,基于实测法、排放因子法、物料平衡法、流量折算法系统对比分析了调峰燃气机组碳排放影响因素,旨在明确调峰模式下不同碳排放核算方法适用性。研究结果表明,选取调峰机组实测天然气低位发热量较缺省值偏差范围在10.60%~11.40%,单位热值含碳量较缺省值偏差范围在4.63%~6.72%,单位燃气碳排放量峰谷差接近6倍,碳排放强度峰谷差接近1.2倍,并随机组负荷升高,碳排放敏感性增强。在对比不同核算方法,使用实测法时,碳排放量偏差最大可达43.18%。考虑到实测法精度的影响因素,提出了实测布点的改进方法,结果显示,布点采样合理化对于碳排放核算的准确性具有较大提升。最后,基于碳排放规律分析结论,结合机组运行负荷和燃料特性参数以最小二乘法建立了频繁调峰机组碳排放经验公式,经验公式的预测较物料平衡法结果相比偏差小于2%。分析结果表明,就燃气机组而言,碳排放总量与机组运行负荷显示出较强关联性,在核算时应考虑引入负荷修正系数对核算结果进行弹性补偿,提升碳排放数据质量。本研究为双碳背景下新型电力系统开发管理提供探索性研究。In the context of dual carbon neutrality,the large-scale integration of clean energy sources has led to a transformation in the mode of electricity production.It has shifted from a centralized power system relying on fossil fuels to a new type of power system that combines centralized and distributed renewable energy sources.This transformation is characterized by a high proportion of renewable energy and a high proportion of power electronic devices,resulting in what can be termed the“dual high”characteristics of the power system.As a consequence,there is a rapid increase in the flexibility requirements for thermal power units for peak load regulation,leading to a sharp rise in non-steady-state operating periods.This,in turn,reduces the uniformity of flue gas flow fields,exacerbates the difficulty of monitoring carbon emissions from fixed sources,and reduces the applicability of measurement methods.In this study,the operating parameters of a gas-steam combined cycle unit(GTCC)in Xinjiang(2023),as well as boiler flue gas parameters,were selected for analysis.Through a systematic comparative analysis using direct measurement methods,emission factor methods,material balance methods,and flow conversion methods,the factors influencing carbon emissions from peak-shaving gas turbine units were investigated,aiming at clarifying the applicability of different carbon emission accounting methods under peak load conditions.The research results indicated that the deviation range of the measured lower heating value of natural gas for peak-shaving units was between 10.60%and 11.40%,while the deviation range of the carbon content per unit calorific value was between 4.63%and 6.72%.The peak-to-valley difference in carbon emissions per unit of gas was close to 6 times,and the peak-to-valley difference in carbon emission intensity was close to 1.2 times.Furthermore,with an increase in random load,the downward trend in carbon emissions intensifies.When comparing different accounting methods,the use of direct measurement method

关 键 词：灵活调峰 燃气机组 碳排放规律 核算方法 最小二乘法 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]