小行星探测成像一体化光学设计及杂散光分析  

Optical Design and Stray Light Analysis for Integrated Asteroid Detection and Imaging

作　　者：边立国 李旭阳[1] 陈钦芳[1] 许彤裕 陆志贤 张力 BIAN Liguo;LI Xuyang;CHEN Qinfang;XU Tongyu;LU Zhixian;ZHANG Li(Space Optics Technology Lab,Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS,Xi'an 710119,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所空间光学技术研究室,西安710119 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《光子学报》2025年第2期112-122,共11页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2021YFC2202100)。

摘　　要：针对小行星探测成像的任务需求,为降低系统复杂性并减小加工装调难度,设计了一种不进行分光路也能对点目标探测、对面目标成像的探测成像一体化折反式光学系统。该系统采用R-C加校正镜的系统构型,工作于可见光波段,焦距为1472 mm,F数5.26,全视场角为0.895°,成像质量良好,结构紧凑,公差可以满足加工装配要求。考虑到暗弱目标探测的需求,采用近似计算的方式求解系统后向散射杂散光,并给出各光学表面粗糙度具体要求;此外,根据系统结构形式设计了相应的内外遮光罩来抑制视场外杂散光。分析结果表明,系统在给定面型粗糙度和遮光结构条件下可以满足使用要求。Asteroids are inextricably linked to the fate of humanity:their structure and composition provide crucial insights into the evolution of the solar system,and the mineral resources they harbor hold the potential to alleviate Earth's energy crisis.However,the risk of asteroid impacts on Earth is equally significant and cannot be overlooked.Conducting imaging and exploration of asteroids can significantly enhance our understanding of these celestial bodies.In practical asteroid exploration missions,the functions of detection and imaging are typically achieved through either a single camera with multiple optical paths or multiple cameras.To reduce system complexity and manufacturing challenges,this paper proposes an optical system design that integrates both detection and imaging functionalities within a single optical path.Initially,based on the requirements of the asteroid detection mission,the limiting magnitude for detection was determined to be 14th magnitude.This allowed for the calculation of the irradiance at the entrance pupil of the optical system corresponding to this magnitude.Subsequently,by considering the specifications of the selected detector and the signal-to-noise ratio threshold requirements,the necessary entrance pupil diameter was calculated to be 280 mm,with a focal length of 1472 mm and a full field of view angle of 0.895°.In terms of optical system configuration,the need for a long focal length and large aperture to detect faint stars was taken into consideration.A fully transmissive system would inevitably result in an excessively long overall size,making it susceptible to temperature variations.Additionally,correcting chromatic aberration would require a combination of lenses made from different materials,complicating the achievement of a lightweight design.On the other hand,a fully reflective system could achieve a large field of view and long focal length design without chromatic aberration,but compared to coaxial systems,it might face challenges in overall assembly and alignment.Therefo

关 键 词：探测成像 杂散光 后向散射 小行星 遮光罩 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程]