液压油缸铁基熔覆层的微观组织与耐蚀行为研究  

Study on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance Behavior of Iron-based Cladding Layer on Hydraulic Cylinder

作　　者：焦阳 李玉良 王彦飞 高青 张伟 冀旭昺 范永强 李聪玮 刘二勇 JIAO Yang;LI Yuliang;WANG Yanfei;GAO Qing;ZHANG Wei;JI Xubing;FAN Yongqiang;LI Congwei;LIU Eryong(Shennan Industry Development Co.,Ltd.,Yulin 719300,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕煤集团神南产业发展有限公司,陕西榆林719300 [2]西安科技大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《热加工工艺》2025年第4期42-46,52,共6页Hot Working Technology

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021SF-469);国家自然科学基金项目(51705415)。

摘　　要：随着煤炭开采条件日益苛刻,具有优异性能的激光熔覆技术正广泛应用于液压支架油缸的再制造。然而,市场上熔覆粉末种类繁多,化学成分、制备工艺等差异明显,导致激光熔覆层的性能波动明显。选择4种市售铁基熔覆粉末为原材料,利用激光熔覆技术在27SiMn液压油缸外壁面制备铁基熔覆层,分析了熔覆粉末的成分、熔覆层的微观组织和耐蚀性能。结果表明:市售熔覆粉末以水雾化和气雾化两种制粉技术为主,且成分差异以Mo、Nb元素为主;四种激光熔覆层均以马氏体为主,兼有少量残余奥氏体和碳/硼化物。同时,熔覆层的厚度方向微观结构转变明显,由熔合线上方的平面状晶区、柱状树枝晶区转变成熔覆层上部的等轴树枝晶区,成分偏析也得到缓解。耐蚀性测试发现熔覆层的耐蚀性受化学成分和加工工艺影响:首先,加工缺陷成为腐蚀薄弱区;其次,随着Mo元素提升,熔覆层的耐蚀性有所改善。With the increasingly harsh conditions of coal mining,laser cladding technology with excellent performance was widely used in the remanufacture of hydraulic cylinders.However,there were many kinds of cladding powders in the market,and the differences in chemical composition and preparation process were obvious,leading to obvious fluctuate in the performance of laser cladding layer.Four kinds of commercially available iron-based cladding powders were selected as raw materials,and the iron-based cladding layer was prepared on the outer surface of 27SiMn hydraulic cylinder by laser cladding technology.The composition of cladding powders,microstructure and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer were analyzed.The results show that water atomization and gas atomization are the two main preparation technologies for the commercial cladding powder,and the difference in composition of cladding powder is mainly Mo and Nb;Secondly,the four laser cladding layers are mainly martensite,a small amount of retained austenite and carbide.At the same time,the microstructure of the cladding layer changes obviously in the thickness direction,from the columnar dendrite area above the planar crystal zone to the equiaxed dendrite area above the cladding layer,and the component segregation is also alleviated.The corrosion resistance test shows that the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is affected by the chemical composition and processing technology:firstly,the corrosion is prone to occur in laser cladding defects;secondly,the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is improved by the addition of Mo element.

关 键 词：液压油缸 激光熔覆 不锈钢熔覆层 微观组织 耐蚀行为 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]