基于环境DNA宏条形码的三峡水库变动回水区鱼类多样性研究  

Fish Diversity in Fluctuating Backwater Area of the Three Gorges Reservoir Based on eDNA Metabarcoding

作　　者：杨威[1] 舒政博 张先炳 王丽 杨胜发[1] 李文杰[1] YANG Wei;SHU Zheng-bo;ZHANG Xian-bing;WANG Li;YANG Sheng-fa;LI Wen-jie(National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ecological Waterway,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]国家内河航道国家技术研究中心,生态航道重庆市重点实验室,重庆交通大学,重庆400074

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第2期122-133,共12页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42007213,52279058)。

摘　　要：应用环境DNA宏条形码(eDNA metabarcoding)检测三峡水库变动回水区鱼类多样性,为区域鱼类多样性监测和保护提供新方法。2021年8月在三峡水库变动回水区5个典型江段共26个采样区域进行水样采集,应用e DNA宏条形码标准化分析流程共检测分析出鱼类68种,隶属于8目18科56属,包括国家一级重点保护鱼类1种,国家二级重点保护鱼类3种,长江上游特有鱼类15种,重庆市重点保护鱼类3种,外来鱼类1种,鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、鲇(Silurus asotus)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、波氏吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius cliffordpopei)等为优势种且具有较高的操作分类单元(OTU)序列数。5个典型江段的鱼类组成存在差异,且在平绥坝—丝瓜碛等重点淤积的江段检测出较高的鱼类丰度,库区新形成的边滩生境可能是鱼类重要的育幼场。研究结果表明eDNA宏条形码可用于快速检测三峡水库变动回水区鱼类多样性及其空间分布,可作为关键技术组建无损伤性的鱼类资源监测体系。The method for fish diversity monitoring and conservation in the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir was explored by using eDNA metabarcoding to detect fish diversity in this area.Water samples were collected from 26 sampling sites in 5 typical river sections in the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir.A total of 68 fish species belonging to 8 orders,18 families and 56 genera were distinguished and analyzed through eDNA metabarcoding standardized analyzing method.That includes 1 species of national first class key protected fish,3 species of national seco nd class key protected fishes,15 species of rare and endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,3 species of key protected fishes in Chongqing,and 1 species of exotic fish.C.carpio,C.idella,S.asotus,A.nobilis,R.cliffordpopei are the dominant species and have a high number of OTU sequences.There were differences in fish composition among the five typical river sections,and higher fish abundance was found in the main silting river sections such as Pingsuiba to Siguaqi.The newly formed beach in the reservoir area may be an important nursery ground for fishes.The results show that eDNA metabarcoding can be used to rapidly identify the fish diversity and its spatial distribution in the fluctuating backwaters o f the Three Gorges Reservoir,and can be used as a key technology to establish a non-invasive fish resource monitoring system.

关 键 词：环境DNA宏条形码 鱼类多样性 变动回水区 三峡水库 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]