基于水声学技术的长江上游重庆段鱼类资源研究  

Fish Resources in the Chongqing Section of the Upper Yangtze River Based on Hydroacoustics

作　　者：罗杨[1] 杨鑫[1] 程如丽 王梦 李清华 张玉凤 李英文[1] 沈彦君 LUO Yang;YANG Xin;CHENG Ruli;WANG Meng;LI Qinghua;ZHANG Yufeng;LI Yingwen;SHEN Yanjun(Laboratory ofWater Ecological Health and Environmental Safety,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学,水生态健康与环境安全实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第2期144-151,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901183);重庆市教委科学技术研究计划(KJQN202100503)。

摘　　要：对长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区(下称“保护区”)重庆段的鱼类资源进行调查和评估,为“保护区”重庆段的管理与规划提供参考数据。2020—2021年运用Simrad EY60型回声探测仪对“保护区”重庆段4个季节的鱼类资源空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:4个季节鱼类平均目标强度为-49.4 dB(全长13.0 cm),且鱼类目标强度-60~-50 d B(全长4.9~12.4 cm)占比最大,平均占比为80.4%;4个季节的鱼类平均密度为10.6×10^(-3)尾/m^(3),各季节之间的鱼类密度无显著性差异,但在水平空间分布上具有差异性;春、夏、秋、冬季的最大密度分别出现在西坝沱、塘河口、下渡口-古家沱和綦江口,具有较大鱼类密度分布的江段与历史产卵场、索饵场、越冬场的位置基本吻合;春季各水层之间无显著性差异,但中层水体的鱼类密度显著高于夏、秋、冬3个季节;夏季各水层鱼类密度从上层至底层逐渐递减,且上层水体的鱼类密度显著高于其他3个季节;秋、冬2个季节的底层鱼类密度均显著高于上、中层。综合“保护区”重庆段鱼类资源时空分布特征,建议加强对该江段较高鱼类密度区域的周期性监测和监督管理。In this study,we explored the spatial and temporal distribution of fish resources in the Chongqing section of the National Nature Reserve of Rare and Endemic Fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River(hereinafter referred to as"the reserve"),aiming to provide data support for the planning and management of fishery resources.In October 2020,January,March and July 2021,seasonal fishery surveys were conducted in the Chongqing section of the reserve using a Simrad EY60 echo sounder following a zig-zag route,with a survey length of 183.88 km and speed range of 7-15 km/h.Results show that the average target strength of fish in the four seasons was-49.4 dB(total length 13.0 cm),and the largest proportion of fish target strength was in the range of-60--50 dB(total length 4.9-12.4 cm),with an average ratio of 80.4%.The average fish density in the four seasons was 10.6×10^(-3) ind/m,and there was no significant difference between seasons,but there were differences in the horizontal distribution.The maximum densities in spring,summer,autumn and winter occurred in Xibatuo,Tanghekou,Xiadukou-Gujiatuo,Qijiangkou,respectively,and the river sections with higher fish density generally coincided with the locations of historical spawning,baiting and overwintering.There was no significant difference in fish density among water layers in spring,but the fish density in the middle layer was significantly higher than that in summer,autumn and winter.In summer,fish density decreased from upper to bottom layer,and fish density in the upper layer was significantly higher than in the other three seasons.In autumn and winter,fish density in the bottom layer was significantly higher than that in the upper and middle layers.Based on the temporal and spatial distribution of fish in the Chongqing section of the nature reserve,we suggest strengthening periodic monitoring and supervision of river sections with high fish density.

关 键 词：水声学 鱼类资源 鱼类空间分布 目标强度 “保护区”重庆段 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]