东方红水库鱼类群落结构特征与环境因子的关系  

Relationship between fish community structure and environmental factors in Dongfanghong Reservoir

作　　者：刘斐 訾方泽 王新月 葛建民 霍斌[2] 陈生熬[1,2] LIU Fei;ZI Fangze;WANG Xinyue;GE Jianmin;HUO Bin;CHEN Sheng’ao(College of Animal Science and Technology/Tarim Research Center of Rare Fishes,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院/塔里木珍稀鱼类研究中心,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第2期152-159,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360635);农业农村部财政专项(西北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查)。

摘　　要：东方红水库是叶尔羌河中段重要的生态功能性水库,探究东方红水库的鱼类群落结构及其关键环境因子的关系,为维护水库渔业生态功能、丰富叶尔羌河流域生物多样性、构建流域内水库生态功能区划提供科学依据。2019—2020年设置14个采样点位,对东方红水库鱼类的种类组成、密度、生物量及生物多样性指数进行调查和统计分析。结果显示,东方红水库鱼类分属3目8科16属16种,鲤形目鱼类占比最大;优势种以麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、子陵吻鰕虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)等外来种为主;鱼类物种多样性指数变化较大,群落结构总体不稳定,数量-生物量曲线表明鱼类群落结构处于中度干扰状态;综合营养评价指数表明水库呈中营养性;冗余分析表明电导率和矿化度是目前影响库区鱼类分布的主要环境因子,上述变化可能与渔业放养、外来鱼类引入等人为活动相关。Reservoir plays an extremely significant role in regional economic development,while fish diversity and its community distribution can influence the entire ecosystem of the reservoir.Dofangong Reservoir was situated in the Kashgar of Xinjiang,which was a critical ecological functional reservoir in the middle section of the Yarkand River and was subdivided into the Yarkand River National Wetland Park in 2019.It was an investigation of fishery resources and the environment through investigating the ecological function and restoration mechanism of the Yarkand River basin,which further provided the basis for the construction of ecological civilization.From 2019 to 2020,our lab launched a f ishery resource survey in the Kashgar region of Xinjiang,which used quantity-biomass curve,comprehensive nutrition evaluation index,biodiversity index,and multivariate analysis methods to study the fish community structure,nutrient status,and relationship with environmental factors in Dongfanghong reservoir.After classification and statistics of fish caught,we got 2451 fish belonging to 3 orders,7 families,16 genera,16 species.Cypriniformes accounted for 68.75%,Perciformes accounted for 25.00%,Siluriformes accounted for 6.25%of the Dongfanghong reservoir.The dominant species were alien species such as Pseudorasbora parva,Aristichthys nobilis,Eucyclogo biusnewberryi,and Ctenopharyngodon idellus.The quantity-biomass curve showed a cross-state.The comprehensive nutrition evaluation index was 48.60.EC explained 75.80%of the changes in community structure by RDA.According to the above results,it is concluded that Dongfanghong Reservoir is influenced by large human interference factors such as aquaculture,water conservancy,and hydropower construction in the basin;the fish composition was dominated by Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Aristichthys nobilis,Pseudorasbora parva,Eucyclogo biusnewberryi,and other exotic fish species;the fish community was disturbed moderately and fish ecological niche overlap was serious.Fish community structure appear

关 键 词：鱼类群落结构 环境因子 生物多样性 东方红水库 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]