西江干流春季大型底栖动物多样性及驱动因子研究  

Species Diversity and Drivers of Macro Invertebrate Assemblages in the Mainstem of the Xijiang River

作　　者：张多鹏 刘洋[2,3] 白雪 罗鑫 杨佳莉[2,3] 李正飞 刘振元[2,3] 蒋玄空 莫扬新 陈娟娟 谢志才 ZHANG Duopeng;LIU Yang;BAI Xue;LUO Xin;YANG Jiali;LI Zhengfei;LIU Zhenyuan;JIANG Xuankong;MO Yangxin;CHEN Juanjuan;XIE Zhicai(School of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116000,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;Guizhou Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550001,P.R.China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116000 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所水生生物多样性与资源保护研究中心,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]贵州科学研究院,贵州贵阳550001 [5]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第2期171-183,共13页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家科学技术基础研究计划专项(2019FY101903)。

摘　　要：开展西江干流底栖动物多样性调查,为西江生态系统健康状况评估、生物多样性保护和资源可持续利用等提供科学支撑。2021年春季从源头(曲靖市马雄山)至河口(肇庆市沙浦镇)设置50个采样点,开展大型底栖动物的全面调查,评估该水域的物种多样性,刻画群落的空间分布格局,并甄别关键驱动因子和生态过程。调查共鉴定出底栖动物143种,隶属于5门10纲21目66科117属。其中,水生昆虫85种,软体动物34种,环节动物15种,软甲类6种,其他类群3种。全干流平均密度和生物量分别为(239.58±206.9)个/m^(2)和(39.11±61.0)g/m^(2)。群落结构在不同河段间差异极显著(P=0.001),上中下游底栖动物的密度差异不显著,而生物量差异显著(P<0.05)。上游和下游的密度较高,分别为275.50和276.30个/m^(2);上游生物量较高,为62.84 g/m^(2)。全流域的优势种为摇蚊属(Chironomus sp.)和河蚬(Corbicula fluminea),不同河段的优势种各异。方差分解显示,局域环境、土地利用和空间因子共同解释了22%的群落变异。其中,空间(6%)和环境因子(5%)的独立作用相当,表明局域环境过滤和空间制约(主要是扩散限制)是驱动群落变异的关键生态过程。典范对应分析进一步甄别出驱动群落变异的关键局域环境因子(海拔、河宽、水深、盐度和高锰酸盐指数)、空间变量(包括大尺度的PCNM1、PCNM2、PCNM3、PCNM4、PCNM5、PCNM7、PCNM8和小尺度的PCNM23、PCNM34、PCNM35、PCNM37、PCNM39)和土地利用因子(耕地和水域)。The Xijiang River,the upper reach of the Pearl River,supports a high array of freshwater biodiversity and endemics,but its macroinvertebrate assemblages have been inadequately investigated so far,especially in the mainstream region.To fill this gap,we carried out comprehensive faunal survey of macroinvertebrates across the whole mainstem from the origin(Maxiong Mountain)to the mouth(Shapu Town)in 2021.We aimed to first answer the question of how many species there are.Then we portrayed the species distributional patterns across the upper,middle and lower reaches,and detected key ecological mechani sms and factors driving these patterns.A total of 143 species of 117 genera were recorded,belonging to 66 families in 21 orders of 5 phyla.Aquatic insects(85 species)were the specie-richest taxa across the region,and the upper harbored the richest(113),followed by the lower(79)and the middle(61).The regional average density and biomass(wet weight)were 239.58 ind./m^(2) and 39.11 g/m^(2),respectively.The community structure showed high spatial variations among the reaches,with higher density in the upper(275.50 ind./m^(2))and lower(276.30 ind./m^(2))and higher biomass(62.84g/m^(2))in the upper.Only two species numerically dominated the fauna across the mainstream:Corbicula fluminea(10.1%)and Chironomus spp.(5.7%),but each reach had different list of it own ones.Variation partitioning analysis(VPA)detected that three ecological drivers(local,land use and spatial)jointly explained a considerable amount(22%)of the community variation.While the pure contribution of lan d use was negligible,both spatial(6%)and local environmental(5%)factors were significant and equivalent,indicating environmental filtering and spatial structuring(mainly due to dispersal limitation)playing similar but key role in structur ing the community variation.The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)further detected key environmental(elevation,river width,water depth,salinity,CODMn,),spatial(PCNM1、PCNM2、PCNM3、PCNM4、PCNM5、PCNM7、PCNM8、PCNM2

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 物种多样性 群落结构 典范对应分析 西江干流 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]