向家坝水库浮游植物群落时空特征及其环境驱动因子  

Spatial and temporal characteristics of phytoplankton communities in the Xiangjiaba Reservoir and their environmental drivers

作　　者：田楚铭 张地继[3] 米武娟[2] 齐青松 邢龙 孙志峰[3] 曹光荣[3] 毕永红[2] TIAN Chuming;ZHANG Diji;MI Wujuan;QI Qingsong;XING Long;SUN Zhifeng;CAO Guangrong;BI Yonghong(The College of Life Sciences and Technology,Harbin Normal University,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity Research in H eilongjiang Province,Harbin 150025,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology,I nstitute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China;River Basin Complex Administration Center,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江省水生生物多样性研究重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150025 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国长江三峡集团公司,流域枢纽运行管理中心,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2025年第2期194-203,共10页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司2019年向家坝水库水华监测项目(SXSN/4495)。

摘　　要：分析向家坝水库浮游植物群落组成及其与环境因子的耦合关系,为水库生态系统的保护与管理提供基础数据和参考依据。2019年1月—2020年1月在向家坝水库干支流20个采样点逐月采集浮游植物样品,同时测定水温、溶解氧、电导率等环境因子,采用α多样性指数分析浮游植物群落特征,并通过RDA分析其与环境因子的相关性。结果共采集并鉴定出浮游植物119种,隶属于8门79属;群落优势种6种,主要是小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、变异直链藻(Melosira varians)等,群落为绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型,隐藻、甲藻、裸藻、金藻等种类较少,占比仅15.12%。浮游植物群落的时空差异较大,不同季节的细胞密度大小为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,且夏季远高于其他季节;空间上细胞密度表现为支流大于干流。水环境因子的时空差异明显,水温、浊度和流速平均值表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,总氮平均浓度为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,总磷和硝态氮表现为春夏季>秋冬季,氨氮、溶解氧和pH表现为春冬季>夏秋季,高锰酸盐指数平均浓度为春季>秋季>冬季>夏季;空间上高锰酸盐指数、电导率、浊度、透明度和流速为干流>支流,其中流速具有极显著差异(P<0.01),浊度具有显著差异(P<0.05),总氮、硝态氮、氨氮、水温、溶解氧和氧化还原电位显示为支流>干流,其中溶解氧具有显著差异(P<0.05)。单因素方差分析表明,向家坝水库环境因子间具有显著的时空异质性(P<0.05)。RDA分析表明,影响浮游植物群落时空变化的主要因子为水温、营养盐、透明度和电导率,其次为流速和浊度。The Xiangjiaba Reservoir is one of the four mega reservoirs in the lower reaches of Jinsha River.In order to grasp the structural characteristics of phytoplankton community in Xiangjiaba Reservoir and the condition of water environment,20 sampling points were set up in the main and tributaries of Xiangjiaba Reservoi r for monthly survey throughout the year.A total of 119 species of phytoplankton were collected and identified,belonging to 79 genera in 8 phyla;the dominant species of the community were 6 species,mainly Cyclotella sp.and Melosira varians.The spatial and temporal differences of phytoplankton communities are large,and the size of cell density in different seasons is summer>spring>autumn>winter,and summer is much higher than other seasons;spatially cell density shows that the reservoir bay is larger than the main stream.The temporal and spatial differences of water environmental factors were obvious,with the mean values of water temperature,turbidity and flow velocity showing summer>autumn>spring>winter,the mean concentration of total nitrogen showing summer>winter>spring>autumn,total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen showing spring/summer>autumn/winter,ammonia nitrogen,dissolved oxygen and pH showing spring/winter>summer/autumn,and the mean concentration of CODMn showing spring>autumn>winter>summer;spatially,the environmental factors such as flow velocity,turbidity and ORP in the reservoir bay were significantly different from those in the main stream(P<0.05)and higher than those in the reservoir bay.The spatially significant difference(P<0.05)between the reservoir bay and the main stream was higher than that of the main stream,but the environmental factors such as flow velocity,turbidity and ORP in the pre-dam waters(XJB01)were lower than those in the other points,while the transparency was the opposite.A one-way ANOVA showed significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity(P<0.05)among environmental factors in Xiangjiaba Reservoir.The RDA analysis showed that the main factors affecting the spatial and t

关 键 词：浮游植物 环境因子 冗余分析 向家坝水库 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]