文化多样性与农民工就业表现——基于方言视角的经验研究  

Cultural diversity and the labor market performance of migrant workers:Empirical research from the perspective of dialect

作　　者：郭冬梅[1] 晏正伟 李兵 GUO Dongmei;YAN Zhengwei;LI Bing(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China;Lingnan College,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院,北京100081 [2]中山大学岭南学院,广州510275

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2025年第2期520-538,共19页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD085);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973161);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72473161);中央财经大学科教融合研究生学术新星孵化计划(2024110)。

摘　　要：改善农民工的就业表现,是目前我国快速推进新型城镇化的关键所在,也是实现共同富裕的内在需求.为此,本文基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,以方言衡量文化,系统研究了流入地的文化多样性对农民工就业表现的影响及其作用机制.实证结果表明,流入地文化多样性越丰富,农民工的小时工资显著越高.在使用宋代民族战争作为工具变量进行估计后发现,文化多样性每提高1个标准差,农民工的小时工资提高13.0%.机制分析发现,流入地的社会包容性和农民工的非认知能力提升是文化多样性提高农民工就业表现的作用机制,这两个作用机制均使得农民工能够进入到收入较高的现代服务业,从而提高就业表现.进一步分析发现,文化多样性对男性、青年和受教育程度较高的农民工群体效果更加明显.本文拓展了移民就业表现和文化与经济两个领域的研究文献,从微观视角为理解文化多样性在经济增长中的作用提供了有益见解.本文的政策含义在于,推动城市形成多元包容的文化氛围,提高农民工的非认知能力,有助于实现城乡融合与共同富裕.Improving the labor market performance of migrant workers is the key to the rapid promotion of new urbanization in China,and it is also the internal demand for achieving common prosperity.Using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)data,this paper uses dialect as a measure of culture,systematically investigating the impact of cultural diversity of the destination on the labor market performance of migrant workers and its mechanism.This paper finds that the richer the cultural diversity of the destination,the significantly higher the hourly wages of migrant workers.This paper uses the ethnic war in Song Dynasty as instruments for cultural diversity,and the results show that for every 1 standard deviation increase in cultural diversity,the hourly wage of migrant workers increases by 13.0%.Mechanism analysis finds that the social inclusiveness of the destination and the improvement of migrant workers’non-cognitive skills are the mechanisms by which cultural diversity enhances the labor market performance of migrant workers,which enable migrant workers to enter the modern service industry with higher income,thereby improving their labor market performance.This paper expands the research literature in two areas:Immigrant employment performance and“culture and economy”,and provide useful insights for understanding the role of cultural diversity in economic growth from a micro perspective.The policy implication of this paper is that promoting a diverse and inclusive cultural atmosphere in cities and enhancing migrant workers’non-cognitive skills,will contribute to the realization of urban-rural integration and common prosperity.

关 键 词：文化多样性 方言 农民工 就业表现 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济] C971[经济管理—国民经济]