二次诱变创制花生高蛋白种质与蛋白含量的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Peanut Germplasm with High Protein Content Created by Secondary Mutagenesis

作　　者：于树涛 殷业超 张诗行 张宇 董敬超 王力夫 姜春姣 王传堂 YU Shu-tao;YIN Ye-chao;ZHANG Shi-hang;ZHANG Yu;DONGJing-chao;WANG Li-fu;JIANG Chun-jiao;WANG Chuan-tang(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;Institute of Sandy Land Management and Utilization of Liaoning,Fuxin 123000,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所,辽宁阜新123000 [3]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《花生学报》2025年第1期10-15,共6页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);辽宁省种质创新藏粮于技专项计划(2023JH1/10200002);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2023QN2414)。

摘　　要：种质资源研究是花生遗传育种研究工作的基础,目前培育的花生品种遗传基础狭窄,通过EMS诱变技术可以获得丰富的种质资源。本研究利用0.4%EMS诱变剂将普通蛋白含量的阜花19转化为高蛋白花生。第一次EMS诱变处理,阜花19蛋白含量提高不显著,第二次EMS诱变处理,阜花19粗蛋白含量超过30%以上的单株有8个,对其中1株高蛋白(C-Za-454-2,30.32%)材料进行两个试点的稳定性鉴定,结果表明蛋白含量稳定,蛋白含量比野生型提高了29.08%。研究还构建了C-Za-454-2与阜花19的F_(2)群体,经遗传规律分析,蛋白性状分离比为3:1,属于隐性核基因控制;经主基因+多基因遗传分析,最适模型为1MG-AD,即由1对主基因-加性-显性调控,主基因遗传率为37.0658%。本研究创制了高蛋白花生种质,并为花生蛋白相关基因挖掘及遗传改良提供了依据。Germplasm research is fundamental to genetic breeding in peanut.Currently,cultivated peanut varieties have a narrow genetic base.Enriched germplasm resources can be obtained through EMS-induced mutation technology.In this study,the common protein content cultivar Fuhua19 was transformed into a high-protein peanut using 0.4%EMS mutagen.In the first round of EMS induction,there was no significant increase in protein content in Fuhua19.However,in the second round of EMS induction,more than 30%crude protein content was observed in eight individual plants.Among them,one high-protein individual(C-Za-454-2,30.32%)was selected for stability assessment at two experimental sites,and demonstrated consistent protein content.The protein content of this individual was 29.08%higher than the wild type.Furthermore,an F_(2)population was constructed between C-Za-454-2 and Fuhua19.Genetic analysis revealed a segregation ratio of 3:1 for the protein trait,indicating it was controled by recessive nuclear genes.Through major gene plus polygene inheritance analysis,the most suitable model was determined to be 1MG-AD,indicating it was regulated by one pair of major genes with additive-dominant effects,with a genetic contribution rate of 37.0658%.This study created high-protein germplasm and provided a basis for exploring peanut protein-related genes and genetic improvement.

关 键 词：花生 EMS 二次诱变 高蛋白 主基因+多基因 

分 类 号：S565.203.52[农业科学—作物学] S335.3