宽垄缩行种植模式下播种方式和密度对盐碱地花生群体结构和产量的影响  

The Effect of Sowing Method and Density on Population Structure and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Wide Ridge and Narrow Row Planting Mode in Saline-Alkali Land

作　　者：慈敦伟[1] 谢宏峰[1] 张建成[1] 王冕[1] 信志红 唐朝辉[3] 张佳蕾[3] 王秀贞[1] 任超 杨吉顺[1] CI Dun-wei;XIE Hong-feng;ZHANG Jian-cheng;WANG mian;XIN Zhi-hong;TANG Chao-hui;ZHANG Jia-lei;WANG Xiu-zhen;REN Chao;YANG Ji-shun(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;Dongying Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province,Dongying 257091,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Weihai Agricultural and Rural Affairs Service Center,Weihai 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]山东省东营市气象局,山东东营257091 [3]山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所,山东济南250100 [4]威海市农业农村事务服务中心,山东威海264200

出　　处：《花生学报》2025年第1期16-22,共7页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)项目(2023TZXD006);山东省科技特派员创新创业专项(2022DXAL0121);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024B13);山东省花生产业技术体系(SDAIT-04-05);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0108600);国家自然科学基金(31771732)。

摘　　要：花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)是重要的油料作物和经济作物,提高单产成为当前保障花生生产的迫切需求。合理群体结构是提高花生光能利用率、增加产量的有效途径之一。本研究选用高产大花生品种花育60为试验材料,在盐碱地宽垄缩行种植模式下设置单粒和双粒2种播种方式,每种播种方式设置3个密度。研究表明相同播种方式下,蛋白质含量、油酸含量与O/L、光合速率、各层次冠层透光率、产量构成因素等均随着穴(株)距的增加而增大;而亚油酸含量随着穴(株)距的增加而降低。不同播种方式中,单粒精播产量随着株距的增加而降低,但株距10.0与12.5 cm处理产量无显著差异,而双粒穴播产量则随着穴距的增大而升高;单粒精播除株距15.0 cm处理产量低于双粒穴播各处理外,株距10.0与12.5 cm处理产量均显著高于双粒穴播各处理;单粒精播的蛋白质、脂肪、油酸含量及O/L值、光合速率、各层次的透光率均高于双粒穴播各处理。综合以上研究结果认为,盐碱地宽垄缩行种植模式下单粒精播12.5 cm株距为最优配置。本研究为进一步挖掘盐碱地花生产量潜力和盐碱地花生生产大面积应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil-bearing and cash crop, improving peanut yield is an urgent need to ensure peanut production at present. Reasonable population structure is one of the effective ways for peanut to improve light energy utilization efficiency and increase yield. This study used the high-yield peanut variety Huayu60 and set up single and double seed planting methods under the wide ridge and narrow row planting mode in saline-alkali land, with three densities for each sowing method. Results showed that under the same sowing method, the protein content, oleic acid content, O/L ratio, photosynthetic rate, canopy transmittance, and yield components all increased with the increase of hole(plant) spacing. The content of linoleic acid decreased with the increase of hole(plant) spacing. The yield under single seed planting method decreased with the increase of plant spacing, but there was no significant difference in yield between the plant spacing of 10.0 and 12.5 cm treatments, where as the yield of double seed sowing increased with larger plant spacing. The yield under single seed precision sowing method with plant space of 10.0 and 12.5 cm was significantly higher than those under treatments of double seed sowing method, except plant space of 15.0 cm. The protein and fat content, oleic acid content, O/L ratio, photosynthetic rate, canopy transmittance under single seed sowing method were higher than those under treatments of double seed sowing method. Therefore, this study suggests that the optimal planting mode is a single seed sowing with a plant spacing of 12.5 cm under the wide ridge and narrow row planting mode in saline-alkali land. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for further exploring the potential for increasing peanut production and large area application in saline-alkali soil.

关 键 词：花生 盐碱地 种植模式 产量 群体结构 

分 类 号：S565.204.7[农业科学—作物学] S352.3