硼肥与ARC菌剂配施对花生硼氮养分吸收、转运和分配的影响  

Effects of Boron Fertilizer Combining with ARC Microbial Agent on the Absorption,Transport and Distribution of Boron and Nitrogen Nutrients in Peanut

作　　者：汪柏丞 朱丹青 向雪林 徐国凤 禹晨晏 刘登望[1,2] 曾宁波 李林[1,2] 罗梓楠 WANG Bo-cheng;ZHU Dan-qing;XIANG Xue-lin;XU Guo-feng;YU Chen-yan;LIU Deng-wang;ZENG Ning-bo;LI Lin;LUO Zi-nan(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Changsha Branch of National Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center/Hunan Peanut Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]国家花生工程技术研究中心长沙分中心/湖南省花生工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《花生学报》2025年第1期23-35,共13页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(ZFJH202310-2);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);湖南省油料产业技术体系(HNYL-2);湖南省教育厅重点项目(22A0153);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2024JJ5195)。

摘　　要：ARC菌剂具有固氮优势,但根瘤过度生长会引起养分滞留,而硼肥具有促生殖、促转运的作用,因此,为探究硼肥和ARC菌剂配施效应,进一步挖掘ARC菌剂的潜力,本试验以花生品种湘花522为试验材料,设置2个硼肥施用量0、15 kg/hm^(2)(代号B0、B1),3个ARC菌剂施用量0、30、60 kg/hm^(2)(代号A0、A2、A4),系统研究了硼肥和ARC菌剂对花生干物质积累和硼、氮养分吸收积累、分配与转运的影响。结果表明:(1)干物质积累方面,成熟期B1A2配施较CK(B0A0)和B0A2处理显著降低了营养体和叶片干物质积累以及营生比,提高了荚果干物质积累;(2)养分吸收与转运方面,B1A2处理下苗期根、茎和叶中硼含量较CK分别显著提高37.66%、10.44%和53.64%,结荚期根的氮含量较CK显著提高24.04%,成熟期荚果硼含量较CK显著提高14.42%,氮含量较CK提高3.26%;B1A2处理的荚果硼、氮积累量较CK分别显著增加36.81%和22.82%,叶片氮积累量较CK显著降低16.30%。B1A2处理下苗期茎→叶(ST-L)氮转移系数较CK显著提高8.88%,B1A4处理和B1A2处理下花针期茎→针(ST-PE)的硼和氮转移系数较CK分别显著提高55.74%和16.86%,成熟期针→果(PE-PO)转移系数在配施处理下优于ARC单施。B1A2处理下成熟期荚果的硼素分配率较CK、B0A4和B1A0显著提高16.41%、19.44%和33.32%,氮素分配率较CK、B0A2、B0A4、B1A0和B1A4显著提高9.80%、8.02%、12.55%、8.82%和9.94%。B1A2处理下成熟期叶片硼、氮素分配率较CK显著降低5.41%和25.43%。综上,硼肥与ARC菌剂适宜配施效果优于二者单施。在B1A2处理下,前中期显著促进了花生营养器官对硼、氮养分的吸收和积累,同时增强了营养体(ST-L和ST-PE)硼、氮的转运能力;在成熟期,进一步优化了“库容”,增强了养分向荚果的转运,显著提高了荚果的干物质积累和硼、氮营养的分配,减少了在叶片中的过多积累,促进了荚果的生长。The ARC microbial agent exhibits nitrogen fixation advantages, however, excessive rhizomal overgrowth may lead to nutrient retention. In contrast, boron fertilizer is known for its effects in promoting reproductive growth and enhancing nutrient transport. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the interactive effects of boron fertilizer and ARC microbial agent, with the goal of further exploring the potential of ARC microbial agent. In this study, peanut cultivar Xianghua522 was used as material to systematically investigate the effects of different levels of boron fertilizer(0 and 15 kg/ha, denoted as B0 and B1) and ARC bio-fertilizer(0, 30, and 60 kg/ha, denoted as A0, A2, and A4) on dry matter accumulation, and the absorption, distribution, and translocation of boron and nitrogen in peanut. The results showed that:(1) In terms of dry matter accumulation, the B1A2 treatment significantly reduced vegetative and leaf dry matter accumulation at maturity, while increasing reproductive organs and pod dry matter accumulation, with the reproductive-to-vegetative ratio significantly lower than CK(B0A0) and B0A2.(2) In terms of nutrient content, the B1A2 treatment significantly increased boron content in roots, stems, and leaves during the seedling stage by 37.66%, 10.44%, and 53.64%, respectively, compared to CK, and increased root nitrogen content at the podding stage by 24.04%. At maturity, pod boron content in the B1A2 treatment was 14.42% higher than CK, and nitrogen content was 3.26% higher. Boron and nitrogen accumulation in pod increased by 36.81% and 22.82%, respectively, while leaf nitrogen accumulation decreased by 16.30% compared to CK. The nitrogen translocation coefficient from stem to leaf(ST-L) during the seedling stage in the B1A2 treatment increased by 8.88% compared to CK, and during the pegging stage, the boron and nitrogen translocation coefficients from stem to peg(ST-PE) in the B1A4 and B1A2 treatments were 55.74% and 16.86% higher, respectively, compared to CK. At maturity, the translocation f

关 键 词：花生 硼肥 ARC菌剂 养分吸收 养分转运 养分分配 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S143.71